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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *čekerej
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: part of breast (close to upper spine)
Russian meaning: часть груди (у верхней части позвоночника)
Middle Mongolian: čekerei (SH)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-mmo,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *č`ek`V
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: part of shoulder close to neck
Russian meaning: часть плеча около шеи
Turkic: *čekn
Mongolian: *čekerej
Comments: Дыбо 308; Дыбо 130-131, Лексика 238-239 (but Evk. čeke 'throat, palate' should rather be derived < *šek`a q. v.): A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *čekn
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: part of shoulder between the neck and shoulderblade
Russian meaning: часть плеча между шеей и лопаткой
Old Turkic: čikin (OUygh.)
Turkish: čekin, dial. čeɣin, čeɣn
Middle Turkic: čikin (Abush., Sangl.)
Azerbaidzhan: čijin
Turkmen: čigin
Halaj: čīn
Chuvash: śan 'body'
Comments: EDT 415, VEWT 103, Дыбо 129-130, Лексика 238-239 (see there about details of phonetic reconstruction).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *čVKV
Meaning: part of shoulder
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: ? *(s)te(i)gʷ- (Arm., Celt., Slav.) 'shoulder, thigh'
Altaic: *č`ek`V
Dravidian: Tam. cekil, Kan. tegal 'part of shoulder'
Eskimo-Aleut: *cakima- (~ -ŋ-)
References: ND 383 *čikU 'side part of the base of limbs'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *Cu[g]-
Meaning : shoulder, nape of the neck
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *Cuval- (?)
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *suk- (*c-)
Brahui : cug_h_
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *Cuval- (?)
Meaning : shoulder, nape of neck
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : cuval
Tamil meaning : nape of the neck, upper part of the neck, back, mane
Tamil derivates : cekil upper part of the shoulders
Malayalam : cumal
Malayalam meaning : shoulder
Kannada : tegal
Kannada meaning : shoulder
Notes : Several roots mixed in.
Number in DED : 2696
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *suk- (*c-)
Meaning : shoulder-blade
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *suk- (*c-)
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kui,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *suk- (*c-)
Meaning : shoulder-blade
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : sukoṛi, sukoli
Number in DED : 2696
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-dednum,

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Brahui etymology :

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Brahui : cug_h_
Meaning : nape of the neck
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Number in DED : 2696
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *cakima- (~ -ŋ-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: chest, rib cage
Russian meaning: грудь, грудная клетка
Proto-Yupik: *cakima- (~ -ŋ-)
Proto-Inupik: *caki(m)a-
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 65
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,

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Yupik etymology :

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Proto-Yupik: *cakima- (~ -ŋ-)
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: breast 1, chest, breastbone 2, rib (of animal) 3
Russian Meaning: грудь 1, грудина, грудная часть 2, ребро (животного) 3
Sirenik: sākǝmǝ́x 1
Chaplino: sakímak (ɣǝt) 1, //2, sakíʁāt 2
Naukan: ~ sákma 'upside, northward', [//saɣiq 'breast' [Jen.] < Imaq]
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: cakia[ʁ]aq 3
Koniag (AAY): Kod cakia[ʁ]aq 3, 'rib of boat'
Chugach (Birket-Smith): sakānsik 'chief, leader'
Central Alaskan Yupik: cakiak/q 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 65
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-koni,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,

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Inupik etymology :

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Proto-Inupik: *cạkị(m)ä-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: chest, breastbone 1, breast 2, rib cage 3
Russian meaning: грудная часть 1, грудь 2, грудная клетка 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: saɣiat pl. 1, 2
SPI Dialects: W saɣiǝɣit* pl. 2, Imaq sáɣumēʁnɨq 'armpit'
North Alaskan Inupik: sakiak (sakiaɣic pl.) 1, sakkiak 'front middle part of animal'
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl sakieɣit* pl. 'breast'
Western Canadian Inupik: sakijjat pl. 1, 2
WCI Dialects: Cor hakidʒit* pl. 'breast'
Eastern Canadian Inupik: sakiat 1, 3 'bone of thorax'
Greenlandic Inupik: sakiak (sakiak*) 3, sakiššat pl. 1
GRI Dialects: NG hakiq 1 (upper part)
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 65
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : part of shoulder, joint
Eurasiatic : *čVKV
Afroasiatic : *čVkVm-
Sino-Caucasian : *c̣VḳV ( ~ ś-,-k-)
Reference : ND 383.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *čVkVm-
Meaning: shoulders, upper part of the back
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *čVkVm-
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 2230
Proto-Semitic: *t_Vkm- {} *čVkm-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: neck and shoulders
Ugaritic: t_km 'Nacken mit Schulter' [Aist 334].

    Cf. t_kmn 'Bezeichnung des deifizierten Himmelsberges' [ibid.] (cf. HBR below)

Hebrew: šǝkäm 'oberer Teil des Rückens, Schulter, Nacken, Rücken, Bergrücken' [KB deutsch 1384]
Tigre: (?) šäkäm 'beard' [LH 222], šäkǝm 'menton' [ibid., apud Munzinger].

    a meaning shift 'neck' > 'chin' > 'beard' is feasible (cf. also šǝkmät 'halter' [ibid.])

Notes: Scarcely attested as an anatomic term (only UGR, HBR and probably TGR, with a meaning shift).

    Note a derived verb to be recognized as common SEM: UGR t_km 'auf den Schultern tragen' [Aist 334] and ETH: GEZ sakama 'to carry on shoulders' [LGz 496], TGR šäkǝm 'fardeau' (very likely a deverbal noun) [LH 222, apud d'Abbadie], TNA täsäkkämä 'portare, mettrsi sulle spalle' [Bass 365], AMH täsäkkämä 'to carry, to bear' [K 560].

    Cf. ARB t_uknat- 'collier en perles; collier en laine teinte qu'on suspend comme ornament au cou du chameau'; presumably related with assimilation of *m > n after the velar. As for the semantic shift, see SEM *ʕun(a)ḳ- 'neck' and 'necklace', No. .

    Note SAB t_kmt interpreted as 'subjects' and 'first year of eponymous office' in [Biella 544] and compared to this root; the argumentation is not quite convincing.

    [KB deutsch 1384]: HBR, UGR

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-tgr,semet-notes,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣VḳV ( ~ ś-,-k-)
Meaning: joint
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Sino-Tibetan: *[ch]īk
Burushaski: *śak
Basque: *saki
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ch]īk
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: joint
Chinese: *ćīt knots or points of bamboo or other plants.
Tibetan: chigs member between two, joint.
Burmese: ćhać a joint, LB *[s-c]ikx.
Lushai: KC *sik.
Lepcha: ă-čak
Comments: Mikir sek; Garo dźak-tśik elbow, dźa-tśik knee; Rawang tsi; Kanauri tsig. Sh. 54; Ben. 27-28.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: jié
Preclassic Old Chinese: ćīt
Classic Old Chinese: cīt
Western Han Chinese: cjǝ̄t
Eastern Han Chinese: ciǝ̄t
Early Postclassic Chinese: ciēt
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ciēt
Late Postclassic Chinese: ciēt
Middle Chinese: ciet
English meaning : knot, joint in plants; degree, to regulate; (?) be crest-like
Russian meaning[s]: 1) коленце (бамбука); 2) колено; сочленение, сустав; членик; 3) подразделение, звено; 4) параграф; абзац; отрывок; 5) такт, ритм; 6) отрезок времени; сезон года; 7) праздник; 8) душевная чистота, целомудрие; 9) экономить; экономия; умеренность; регулировать; ограничивать, обуздывать; 10) пункт, вопрос; 11) счетный суффикс дел, вопросов; 12) верительная бирка (посла)
Comments: Since Han also used with the meaning "(joint > ) section; season; new season's festival" (= "joining parts of the year"). Viet. tết is a colloquial loan (only with the meaning 'new year's festival'); standard Sino-Viet. is tiết.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 118
Four-angle index: 2095
Karlgren code: 0399 e-f
Vietnamese reading: tết
Shijing occurrences: 37.1_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 1682
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 山開四入屑精
ZIHUI: 4634 0345
Beijing: ćie 12
Jinan: ćie 11
Xi'an: ćie 11
Taiyuan: ćiǝʔ 41
Hankou: ćie 12
Chengdu: ćie 12
Yangzhou: ćiǝʔ 4
Suzhou: ciôʔ 41
Wenzhou: ći 41
Changsha: cie 4
Shuangfeng: ćiɛ 12
Nanchang: ćiɛt 41
Meixian: ciɛt 41
Guangzhou: čit 43
Xiamen: ciat 41 (lit.); cueʔ 41; cat 41
Chaozhou: cak 41
Fuzhou: cieʔ 41
Shanghai: cîʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: cie 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *śak
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: 1 arm 2 one of the three parts of an animal's leg 3 to cut the body according to joints
Yasin: -śak 1
Hunza: -śák 1, śak 2, -śáki- 3
Nagar: -śák 1, śak 2, -śáki- 3
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *saki
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 tibia, shin-bone 2 nape 3 ham 4 lean part of bacon
Bizkaian: bernazaki, bernatzaki 1, urdantzaki 3, 4
Gipuzkoan: lepatzaki 2, urdantzaki 4
High Navarrese: lepazaki, lepatzaki 2
Low Navarrese: lepazaki 2
Lapurdian: bernazaki 1, lepazaki 2, (Ainhoa) bermatzaki 1
Baztanese: bernazaki 1, lepazaki 2
Zuberoan: lepazaki 2
Roncalese: lepazaki 2
Comments: Azkue interpreted *zaki (our *saki) as 'bone', appearing only in compounds, here with *lepo 'neck', *urde 'pig', and berna 'calf (of leg)' (< Lat. perna).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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