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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kölü-sü
Meaning: wages for hired work
Russian meaning: плата за наемный труд
Written Mongolian: kölüsü(n) (L 486) Middle Mongolian: kulesu, kulesun (MA 222) Khalkha: xöls
Buriat: xülhe(n)
Ordos: kölösü(n)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́le
Meaning: to exchange, trade, hire
Russian meaning: менять, торговать, нанимать
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kȫle
Meaning: 1 slave, servant 2 bastard 3 co-ruler, minister
Russian meaning: 1 слуга, раб 2 незаконнорожденный 3 соправитель
Old Turkic: köl (~ kül) an Old Turkic title (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: köl ( ~ kül) 3 (MK) Turkish: köle 1
Middle Turkic: köl 3
Azerbaidzhan: köle 1
Turkmen: kȫle 2
Khakassian: kölmök 'people'
Tuva: xöl 'guests that have arrived'
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-tuv,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xül-
Meaning: 1 to lend 2 to change, exchange 3 to barter 4 to supply 5 to borrow
Russian meaning: 1 одалживать 2 меняться, обменивать 3 торговать 4 снабжать 5 брать взаймы
Evenki: ildu- 1
Negidal: ịldụ- 1
Spoken Manchu: hulašǝ- 2 (1425)
Literary Manchu: χulaša- 3
Jurchen: xu-la-gi (833) 2
Nanai: χolasị- 2, (Bik. χolsị-)
Oroch: igdu-mači- 4
Udighe: idu- 5
Comments: ТМС 1, 308, 469. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳǖle
Meaning: wages
References: ND 865 *kulV 'to work' (Drav.+ differ. Alt.; + Eg., Arab.?). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kūl-
Meaning : wages, pay
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūl- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kūl-i
Meaning : wages
Tamil : kūli
Tamil meaning : wages, pay, freight
Tamil derivates : kūlikkāran_, kūliy-āḷ hired labourer, cooly; kai-kkūli daily wages; bribe, cash payment, money paid by parents of bride to bridegroom
Malayalam : kūli
Malayalam meaning : hire, wages (esp. daily)
Malayalam derivates : kūlikkāran, kūliy-āḷ hired labourer, coolie; kai-kkūli bribe, fine upon a lease and its renewal
Kannada : kūli
Kannada meaning : hire, wages (esp. daily); day-labourer, coolie
Kannada derivates : kūlikār_a, kūligār_a day-labourer; kay-kūli, key-gūli working as a day-labourer
Kodagu : kūli
Kodagu meaning : wages
Tulu : kūli
Tulu meaning : hire
Number in DED : 1905
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kūlĭ
Meaning : wages
Kota : kūj "daily wages paid in money"
Toda : kökwɨly "bribe, payment made by bridegroom to bride's father"
Additional forms : Also Kota kūjgārn, kūj āḷ day-labourer, coolie; kūlykārn cooly (only applied to Tamil and other coolies)
Notes : Toda kökwɨly is probably an old borrowing from Tamil (kai-kkūli), since normally -s_y would be expected.
Number in DED : 1905
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kūl-i
Meaning : wages, hire, working for wages
Telugu : kūli
Additional forms : Also kūlī hired labourer, coolie
Number in DED : 1905
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kūl-
Meaning : wages
Parji : kūli "labourer's wages"
Number in DED : 1905
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kūl-
Meaning : pay
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kūl-i
Meaning : wages
Koya Gondi : kūli
Number in DED : 1905
Number in CVOTGD : 836
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kūl-i
Meaning : pay
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kūli "present"
Kuwi (Schulze) : kūli "payment"
Number in DED : 1905
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-dednum,
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