Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *suwnag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: column of smoke

Russian meaning: столб дыма

Written Mongolian: suɣunaɣ, suunaɣ (L 735)

Khalkha: sūnag

Buriat: hūnagta- 'to stretch, extend (of smoke)'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *saŋu(ńV) ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: smoke

Russian meaning: дым

Mongolian: *suwnag

Tungus-Manchu: *saŋńan

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *saŋńan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: smoke

Russian meaning: дым

Evenki: saŋńan

Even: hāń

Negidal: saŋńan

Spoken Manchu: šiaŋǝn (491)

Literary Manchu: šaŋǵan

Jurchen: ĉaŋ-gian (619)

Ulcha: saŋńa(n)

Orok: saŋna(n)

Nanai: saŋńa(n)

Oroch: saŋńa(n)

Udighe: saŋńa(n)

Solon: saŋa

Comments: ТМС 2, 63.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sun(g)V

Meaning: smell

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: (*sneu-)

Altaic: *saŋu(ńV) ( ~ z-) [Cf. also Mong. siŋsi- 'sniff' ]

Uralic: *śaŋkV (+ Perm. *su/üŋV 'smell'; *säŋe 'air' )

Kartvelian: *św-en- (?) (+ Georg. sun- 'smell, odour')

References: МССНЯ 342. ND 2080 *s[ü]NV 'breathe, take a rest, be calm' (Kartv. + TM from PA *zìŋke 'light, quiet' + Eg.); 2090 *süŋe 'to smell' (Kartv. + Mong. siŋsi- + Ural.). Cf. *SUNV.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 946

Proto: *śaŋkV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: taste, smell; to taste, smell

German meaning: Geschmack, Geruch; schmecken, riechen

Udmurt (Votyak): (zi̮n (S), zǝ̑ŋ (K), zi̮m (G) 'Geruch, Duft' - rejected by Redei)

Komi (Zyrian): (zi̮n (P) 'Gestank' - rejected by Redei)

Hungarian: szag 'Geruch, Duft', szagol- 'riechen' ?

Selkup: sanga- (Ta. B), haaku-, hāku-, aaku- (N) 'schmecken (tr.)'

Yukaghir parallels: coŋ- 'schmecken, riechen'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *św-en-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: дышать, вздыхать, отдыхать

English meaning: to breathe, sigh, rest

Georgian: sven-

Megrel: švan-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): раз

Megrel meaning (Eng.): one time

Svan: šwem-, šwm-

Svan meaning (Rus.): отдыхать

Svan meaning (Eng.): to rest

Laz: švan-

Laz meaning (Rus.): дыхание

Laz meaning (Eng.): breath

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 174, EWK 313-314 (объединено с *śwer-, *śur-). Груз. sun- 'запах' Иллич-Свитыч (МССHЯ 342) сопоставляет с урал. *suŋV 'запах'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVNKV

Meaning : smell

Eurasiatic : *śun(g)V

Afroasiatic : *sVn- (+ *sa/in- 180)

Sino-Caucasian : *[s_]HwinṭV

Austric : *cVŋ smell; nose

Amerind (misc.) : *sin 'blow one's nose; nose' (R 75) [+ A K]; *sVm- / *sVn- 'nose, smell' (Penuti, under *c̣imak 'hole' R 376); *sin ~ *sun 'nose' (R 516) [+ A K]

African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ntha- "nose" (possibly *ncha-).

Reference : МССНЯ 342; ND 2080, 2090; GE 2 (+ Khois., NS, IP, Nahali)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *sin-

Meaning: nose

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *ʔa-sa/in- 'nose'

Saho-Afar: *san- 'nose'

Low East Cushitic: *ča/in- 'nose'

High East Cushitic: *san- 'nose'

Dahalo (Sanye): sina 'nose'

Omotic: *sin- 'nose'

Notes: Related to AA 179 *sVn- 'to smell'. Cf. Cush Dullay: Gawwada sinḍe; Omot: Mao šiinṭê, Shin šínṭa, Chaha sinḍa, Male siiḍi, all <*sinṭ- with suffixed *-ṭ of unclear origin.

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *ʔa-sa/in-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Khamir: esiŋ

Khamta: asǝn

Qemant: ǝssan

Awiya (Aungi): isan

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *san-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Saho: san

Afar (Danakil): san

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ča/in-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Somali: san

Oromo (Galla): fuññan

Boni: saŋa

Rendille: sän

Arbore: soonó

Dasenech (Geleba): sɔ6nɔ

Konso: soona

Bussa: sino

Gidole (Dirasha): sina

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *san-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Sidamo: sano

Darasa (Gedeo): sano

Hadiya (Gudella): sane

Alaba: sano

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): sanna

Kambatta: sane

Tembaro: sana

Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: sina

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *sin- Cf. 54 *sinṭ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'nose'

Ometo: siŋan

Gimirra (Benesho, She): sǝn

Nao: sin-us

Dizi (Maji): sinu

Notes: Dizi sin/ŋ, Ongota siina

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *sHwínṭV

Meaning: sniff, snuff

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *s_HwinṭV

Sino-Tibetan: *chūt

Basque: *Sunda

Comments and references : Perhaps derived from *s_HwinV, reflected in Hurr. šūnǝ `breath', PST *suŋ ( ~ ch-) `smell' and Bur. *ṣiŋ `breath; blowing nose'. See NSC 61 *sunV. Cf. PAN *maŋsit 'odor, stench, vile smell'; Bsq. *śudur̄ 'nose' (70).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *s_HwinṭV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snuff, smell; snot

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *s:ʷinṭV

Proto-Lezghian: *s:ʷiInṭ

Notes: The word was widely borrowed from Av. into other languages of Daghestan - probably because in Av. it came to mean 'snuff' (an object of busy trade). However, in Av. and PL the forms are probably genuine (because of phonetic and semantic differences). It is possible that *-ṭV is originally a suffix here (see notes on the Av. form); in that case we can compare Hurr. šūnǝ 'breath, soul, self' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 32). [Cf. also Georg. c̣winṭli 'snot' > Bacb. sinṭr id.?].

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *s:ʷinṭV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 snuff 2 to smell

Avar: s:unṭ 1

Chadakolob: sunṭ- 2

Comments: Cf. also Av. s:únṭ-ize 'to smell'. Historically -ṭ may be an expressive suffix; cf. also s:úns:u-di-ze (a reduplicated form) 'to puff', s:ún-χ:i-ze 'to blow one's nose'. Cf. also Kar., God. s:unḳ- 'to smell'.

    Av. > Lak. s:unṭ 'snuff', s:unṭ učin 'to smell' (if these forms were not borrowed, s- would be expected in Lak.), probably also > Arch. s:unṭ-bos 'to smell', Darg. Chir. s:unṭ-ī id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *s:ʷiInṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 snot 2 dried snot in nose

Tsakhur: suInṭ 2

Udi: fiIt:-p:un 1

Comment: In Kryz. and Bud. the root has merged with PL *qIomoṭ (q.v.), yielding Kryz., Bud. šimiṭ (although the initial š- is still not clear). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chūt

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sniff, breathe

Tibetan: sud to cough, to breathe with difficulty.

Kachin: (H) sut, yasut, asut to sniff.

Lushai: sūt to draw into the nose, sniff up.

Comments: Cf. *s[ĭ]t.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *sunda

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 odor, stench 2 sniff(ing), smell(ing) 3 burnt (smell and taste)

Bizkaian: sunda 1, (Txorierri) zunda 1, (Arratia, Gernika, Markina) gar-zunda 3

Comments: The probable PEC cognate is *sHwinṭV ‘snuff, smell, snot’, to which we would expect Bsq *sund-. Note that /s/ and /ś/ have merged in most of BZK. Azkue cites the compounds lizun-sunda 'moldy smell' (as in a long-closed room), izerdi-sunda 'odor of sweat', zunda dabil 's/he goes about sniffing'.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʒVŋ

Meaning: nose, smell

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: cVŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: smell

Miao-Yao parallels: Miao tsinyu 'nose', Yao (pu-)tsoN

Proto-Austronesian: *e(n)juŋ

Austronesian meaning: nose

Proto-Thai: cun.A strong smell CK

References: GE 2 (with more material)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: cVŋ

Meaning: smell

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: cun.A strong smell CK

Proto-Katuic: *sɔ:ŋ

Proto-Monic: M chuŋ, juŋ

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *sɔ:ŋ

Meaning: odour of urine

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *sɔ:ŋ

Proto-East Katuic: PAK sɔ:ŋ

References: P-962

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *sɔ:ŋ

Meaning: odour of urine

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: sɔ:ŋ

Bru Van Keu meaning: smell like urine

So: sâ:ŋ.N

So meaning: to stink from urine

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic:

Meaning: odour of urine

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: sɔ:ŋ

Pakoh meaning: odour of urine

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: smell of urine

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Ruc: *sɔ:ŋ.3

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): sɔ:ŋ.5

Ruc meaning: smell of urine

References: NTF59

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