Mongolian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ṓjru

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pole, tent made of poles

Russian meaning: жердь, шатер из жердей

Turkic: *sɨ̄ruk / *sūrɨk

Mongolian: *surgaɣag

Tungus-Manchu: *siaraŋ

Korean: *hjǝ

Comments: Medial *-jr- is reconstructed because of the Korean reflex. Some confusion was possible between this root and the synonymous *ši̯ṑri q. v.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sɨ̄ruk / *sūrɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stake, pole

Russian meaning: шест

Old Turkic: sɨruq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: sɨruq (MK)

Turkish: sɨrɨk

Middle Turkic: sɨrɨq, suruq (Pav. C.), sɨruq (AH)

Sary-Yughur: suruq

Azerbaidzhan: sɨrɨɣ (dial.)

Turkmen: sɨ̄rɨq

Khakassian: sɨra

Oyrat: sɨrɨq, sɨra

Halaj: sɨrɨq

Yakut: uraɣas

Tuva: sɨra

Kazakh: sɨrɨq

Bashkir: hɨrɨq (dial.)

Gagauz: sɨrɨq

Karaim: sɨrɨq

Karakalpak: sɨrɨq

Comments: EDT 848, VEWT 420, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > Mong. širug (KW 369; TMN 3, 311-312), whence again Kirgh. šɨrɨq.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *siaraŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stake

Russian meaning: жердь

Evenki: sē̂raŋ

Even: hǟrъŋ

Negidal: sē̂jaŋ

Comments: ТМС 2, 72.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *hjǝ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a house rafter

Russian meaning: стропило, балка

Modern Korean: sǝk:arä, dial. hjǝk:arä

Middle Korean: hjǝ

Comments: Nam 488, KED 933.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sUrV

Meaning: pole

Indo-European: *swer-

Altaic: *si̯ṓjru (+ others, e.g. *seri 'table, prop')

Uralic: (cf. *ćara 'Angel, Türangel, Zapfen' ? or *sarka 'branch, fork')

Kartvelian: Georg. sar- 'stake, vine-prop'

References: ND 2117 *ś(iy)aR(u)yV 'beam, pole' (Kartv., Ur., Alt. + Sem.); in ND 2785 *ǯuRV 'pole, stake' IE is compared with Kartv. *ǯwar- 'stake, picket' (+ Berb., Eg.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *swer-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: stick (thin, long)

Old Indian: sváru- m. `a large piece of wood cut from the trunk of a tree, stake'

Germanic: *swir-ō f., *swir-a- m., *swir-jan- m.

Latin: surus, -ī m. 'Zweig, Spross, Pfahl'

Russ. meaning: палка (тонкая длинная)

References: WP II 528

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *swirō, *swira-z, *swirjēn

Meaning: column, pole

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: sweor (swer, swyr) m., f. `column, pillar, that which is shaped like a pillar'

Middle High German: swir wk. m. 'uferpfahl'

German: schweiz. Schwiren `Pfahl'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1943

Root: su̯er-3

English meaning: stake

German meaning: `Pfahl'

Material: Ai. sváru- m. `Pfahl, Doppelpfosten, langes Holzstück'; gr. ἕρμα n. `Stütze'; homer. Akk. ἑρμι̃να m. `Bettpfosten'; ahd. swirōn `bepfählen', mhd. swir `Uferpfahl', nhd. schweiz. Schwiren `Pfahl', ags. swier, swior m. f. `Pfosten, Säule'; mit k-Formans aisl. svīri m. `Hals, Schiffsschnabel'(*swerhjan-), ags. swīera, swīora `Hals' (*swirhjan-); lat. tiefstufig surus `Zweig, Pfahl', Demin. surculus, surcellus; vielleicht sūra `Wade, Wadenbein' (s. unter *sōrā).

References: WP. II 528 f., WH. II 635.

Pages: 1050

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 53

Proto: *ćara

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: gudgeon, door bolt, trunnion

German meaning: Angel, Türangel, Zapfen

Finnish: sarana (dial. säränä, seränä) 'Scharnier, Angel, Haspe, Türangel' ( > Kar. sarana id.; Saam. N dial. sαr̆à^N, sαr̆ànα 'Türangel, Gelenkband, Scharnier')

Udmurt (Votyak): ǯ́i̮ri̮ (S), ʒ́ǝ̑rǝ̑ (K), ʒ́ị̑rị̑ (G) 'Angel, bes. Türangel' (?)

Komi (Zyrian): ʒ́ir (S P), ʒ́ør (PO) 'Türangel' ( > Khant. t́ĕri V, t́ĕrǝ DN, śȧ̆ri O)

Hungarian: csir, PxSg3 csirja (dial.) 'Dippeleisen, Torstift, der sich im Zapfenlager dreht; Zapfen der Sensenangel, der in den Eiseneinsatz des Ringes am Sensenbaum eindringt' (?)

K. Reshetnikov's notes: A case of Uralic *ɨ in the first syllable? In Finn, the variants with -ä- (säränä, seränä) are secondary. In Komi, -i- in Ss. and Pm. < -ɨ- (< *-u̇-) under influence of the initial ʒ'-, as noted in UEW (the same phenomenon in Udm. з̇̇иры mentioned by Lytkin); the presence of original *-u̇- (< Ur. *-ɨ-?) in Perm. is proved not only by Udm., but also by Komi PO, where -ʌ- regularly < *-u̇- (cf. ИВПЯ 186-187 about reflexes of Proto-Permic *-u̇-); V.I. Lytkin is wrong interpreting this word as a case of Proto-Permic *i (ИВПЯ 178). Hun. -i- < *-ɨ-, as certified by the px. vowel: csir-ja, not **csir-je!. On the other hand, it is rather -a- < *-ɨ- that would be expected in the first syllable in Hun. because of the original a-stem indicated by Finn (Finn sara- < *c'ɨra, not *c'ɨr/e/).

References: Budenz MUSz 330; Donn. VglWb. 645; SKES; КЭСКЯ; MSzFgrE; ИВПЯ 178