Mongolian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Mongolian: *gere-l

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: beam, light

Russian meaning: луч, свет

Written Mongolian: gerel (L 378)

Middle Mongolian: gere, gerel (HY 42, SH), gerä (IM)

Khalkha: gerel

Buriat: gerel

Kalmuck: gerḷ

Ordos: gere, gerel

Dongxian: gieren

Dagur: gerel

Shary-Yoghur: gerel

Monguor: gǝrēl, gǝrē (SM 134), gergeʒ́a- 'luire, briller' (SM 133)

Comments: KW 134, MGCD 290, 292.

Proto-Altaic: *gari ( ~ -ŕ-, -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: light

Russian meaning: свет

Mongolian: *gere-l

Tungus-Manchu: *garpa

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss; on a possible Jpn. match see under *gìle. See also notes to *ŋḕra.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *garpa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ray 2 to shine

Russian meaning: 1 луч 2 светить

Evenki: garpa 1, garpa- 2

Even: garpanŋъ̣ 1, garpụ- 2

Negidal: gatpa 1, gatpa- 2

Ulcha: Garpačị- 2

Orok: Galpa 1, Galpa-, Garpa- 2

Nanai: Garpa- 2

Oroch: gappa- 2

Udighe: gakpa- 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 142. The root also has the meaning 'shoot (from a bow)' in most languages. This was compared by Poppe (18, 44, 87) with Mong. qarbu- id. - but the phonological correspondence is quite irregular, both if we assume genetic relationship or borrowing (on Mong. qarbu- see under PA *kare). The resemblance is therefore either simply accidental, or the meaning of TM *garpa- 'to shine, "shoot rays"' was modified under Mongolian influence.

Eurasiatic: *gVrV

Meaning: dawn, light

Indo-European: *ǵherǝ- (Pok. 441-442)

Altaic: *gari

References: МССНЯ 342, ОСНЯ 1, 228-229; ND 661 *gEhRa ~ *gERha 'sunshine, day' (Alt.-IE + Sem. and very dub. Chad.).

Proto-IE: *g(')hrāw- / -ē-

Meaning: grey

Germanic: *grḗw-a- adj.

Latin: rāvus, -a `grau, graugelb'

Russ. meaning: серый

References: WP I 602 f (differently in Pok.)

Proto-Germanic: *grḗwa-

Meaning: grey

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: grā-r `grau; boshaft, feindlich'

Norwegian: grɔ

Swedish: grɔ

Danish: grɔ

Old English: grǟg, grǟw

English: grey, gray

Old Frisian: OWFris grē

Old Saxon: grā, grē-

Middle Dutch: grā, grau `grijs, grauw'

Dutch: grauw

Middle Low German: grā, grāwe

Old High German: grāo, gen. grāwes (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: grā (gen. -wes) 'grau, bes. altesgrau'

German: grau

Number: 657

Root: ĝher-3 und ĝherǝ-, ĝhrē-

English meaning: to shine, shimmer

German meaning: `strahlen, glänzen, schimmern'

Material: Aisl. grár (*ĝhrē-u̯o-s), ags. grǣg (*ĝhrē-u̯i̯o-s), engl. gray, afries. grē, as. grā, grē, ahd. grāo (Gen. grāwes) `grau';

lit. žeriù, žerė́ti `im Glanze strahlen', žėruóti `glühen, funkeln', ablaut. žarijà f. `glühende Kohle', apr. sari f. `Glut';

aksl. zьrjǫ, zьrěti `sehen, blicken', russ. zrětь, sloven. zrẹ́ti, čech. zřiti, poln. źrzeć ds., aksl. zorja `Schein, Glanz', zarja `Strahl', klruss. zórja `Stern, Gestirn, Morgenrote', russ. zaŕá `Röte am Himmel', skr. zòra `Morgenrot', čech. zoře `Morgenröte', záře `Schein, Glanz, Strahl', poln. zorza `Morgenröte'; aksl. pozorъ `θεωρία', russ. pozór `Anblick, Schande', nadzór `Aufsicht', čech. pozor `Aufmerksamkeit, Acht', názor `Anschauung, Ansicht'; hierher auch aksl. zrakъ `Anblick, Form, Art', russ. dial. zórok `Blick, Angesicht', skr. zrâk `Licht', čech. zrak `Sehen, Gesicht, Sehkraft', poln. wzrok `Sehkraft, Gesicht'; ablaut. aksl. zrьcalo n., skr. dial. zȑcalo, čech. zrcadlo `Spiegel';

über lat. grāvastellus s. WH. I 620.

Wurzelerweiterung ĝhrēi-:

Air. grían f. `Sonne' (*ghrē̆inā);

afries. as. ahd. mhd. grīs `grau', nhd. greis `grau, alt', wozu wohl auch aisl. grīss `Ferkel', aschwed. grīs ds., schwed. dän. gris `Ferkel, Schwein'.

Wurzelerweiterung (*gherēu-) : ghrū-.

In aisl. grȳiandi f. `Morgenröte', aschwed. gry `(vom Tage) grauen', dän. gry ds., gry n. `das Grauen'; hierher auch aisl. grey n. `Hündin, Feigling', greyhundr `Windhund', ags. grīeghund `Windhund'?

References: WP. I 602 f., Persson Beitr. 300 ff., Trautmann 366.

Pages: 441-442

PIE database: PIE database

Mongolian etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Tungus etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Indo-European etymology :

Germanic etymology :

Pokorny's dictionary :