Mongolian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Mongolian: *gal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fire

Russian meaning: огонь

Written Mongolian: ɣal (L 346)

Middle Mongolian: qal (HY 22, SH), qal (IM), ɣal (MA)

Khalkha: gal

Buriat: gal

Kalmuck: ɣal

Ordos: Gal

Dongxian: qan

Baoan: xal

Dagur: gali, gaĺ (Тод. Даг. 130, MD 148)

Shary-Yoghur: Gal

Monguor: Gar (SM 118)

Mogol: ɣōl; ɣɔ̄l (18-2a)

Comments: KW 141-142, MGCD 279.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *gi̯ola ( ~ -ĺ-, *gi̯alo)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn, fire

Russian meaning: жечь, огонь

Mongolian: *gal

Tungus-Manchu: *gul-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 294. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. Poppe 24, 75 compares the TM stem with Mong. ɣolu-mta 'hearth', but cf. rather *gi̯ū̀ĺo.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gul-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to blaze 2 to set fire 3 (bon)fire 4 hearth

Russian meaning: 1 сверкать 2 разжигать 3 костер 4 очаг

Evenki: gul- 1

Even: gụl- 2

Negidal: golo-wun 3

Literary Manchu: Golon tuwa 3; gulgin 'flame'

Ulcha: Gol-ǯo(n) 4

Nanai: Gola- 2, Golǯõ 4

Oroch: gogǯo(n) 4

Solon: gụlǯēr 4

Comments: ТМС 1, 169.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gVlV

Meaning: fire, roast

Indo-European: *g(')hlēy- (also *g(')hlō-)

Altaic: *gi̯ola ( ~ -ĺ-, *gi̯alo)

Dravidian: *gōl-

References: ND 618 *goħlE (Alt-IE-Drav; but hardly Kartv. *gwal-; + Sem.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *g(')hlēy-

Meaning: to shine, to be clear, pleasant

Old Greek: khlī́ō `schwelgen, sich übermütig gebärden', khliá(i̯)nō, kliázdō `erwärmen, erweichen', khliǟ́ (~ -ī-) f. `Wärme'; khliaró-, khlieró- `warm, lau'; khlidǟ́ f. `Weichlichkeit, Üppigkeit, Luxus', khlídos n. `(üppiger) Schmack'

Baltic: *ǯlēj-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *glij-ē- vb.; *glī-m=, *glai-m=, *gli-m=; *glī-t=, *gli-t=, *glī-n=, *glai-m=

Celtic: *glij- > Ir glē `glänzend, klar'; Cymr gloew `glänzend, klar'; gledd `grüner Rasen'

Russ. meaning: светиться, быть ясным, приятным

References: WP I 624

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ǯlēj-ā̂ f.

Meaning: twilight

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: žlējà 'Finsternis, Morgen-, Abenddämmerung'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *glijēn- vb.; *glīm=, *glaim=, *glim=; *glīt=, *glit=, *glīn=, *glaim=

Meaning: gleam, glare

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *glit-munjan wk. `gleam'

Old Norse: gljā wk. `glänzen'; glita, glitra `glitzern', glit n. `lanz'

Norwegian: glɔ vb.; dial. glīna `glänzen, stieren'; glīma `schimmern'

Old Swedish: glīma `glänzen'

Swedish: glina `lächeln', glena `leuchten, scheinen, sich aufklären, lachen', glimta `schitteren', glina `glimlachen', glena `ophelderen, lachen', glimma `glänzen'; glimra; dial. glia vb.

Old Danish: glimme `glänzen'

Danish: glimte `schitteren'

Old English: glǟm `Glanz'; glitenian; glōm, glōmung 'Dämmerung'

English: gleam, glimmer, glimpse; gloaming

Old Frisian: glīa `glühen'

Old Saxon: glīmo `Glanz'; glītan `gleissen'

Middle Dutch: glimmen `glimmen, schiteren, aanbreken (van de dag)'

Dutch: glimmen

Middle Low German: glimmen `gloeien, glinsteren'; glīssen

Old High German: glīmo (9.Jh.), gleimo (10.Jh.) `Glühwürmchen'; glīʒan (9.Jh.) `glänzen'; gliz `Glanz, Blitz', glizemo `id.'; glizzinōn (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: glīmen st. `leuchten, glänzen', glimmen st. `glühen, glimmen', glimsen wk. 'ds.'; glīʒen st. 'glänzen, leuchten, gleissen'; glitzen wk 'glänzen'; glīme, gleime, gleim wk. m. 'glühwürmchen'

German: glimmen, glimmern, gleissen