Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kùsɨ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: odorous

Russian meaning: пахучий

Modern Korean: kusu-ha-

Middle Korean: kùsɨ̀-

Comments: Nam 60, KED 204.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kùši ( ~ -o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to rot

Russian meaning: гнить

Tungus-Manchu: *kušu

Korean: *kùsɨ̀-

Japanese: *kùsà-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss; but cf. also WMong. kösür-sün (Kalm. kösrsn) 'dung' = OJ kùswò id.; WMong. kusam 'sediment in a pot after boiling milk' (MGCD 392); Yak. kuha-ɣan, Dolg. kuha-gan 'bad' (Stachowski 159). Kor. has a usual verbal low tone.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kušu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 touchwood 2 dandruff, soot

Russian meaning: 1 гнилушка, труха 2 перхоть, ушная сера, сажа

Evenki: kuču 1

Even: kuč 1

Negidal: kutin 1 [ = kučin]

Literary Manchu: χosori, χusuri 2

Nanai: kuči (Он.) 'uneven surface of birch-bark'

Comments: ТМС 1, 441, 479.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kùsà-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: foul, stinking

Russian meaning: дурно пахнущий, вонючий

Old Japanese: kusa-

Middle Japanese: kùsà-

Tokyo: kusá-

Kyoto: kùsà-

Kagoshima: kusá-

Comments: JLTT 833. Cf. also, as a noun, PJ *kùsà 'eczema' (JLTT 465).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gVc`wV ( ~ -č`w- )

Meaning: bitter

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *guša 'bitter, sour' (cf. also *kùši 'to rot')

Uralic: *kačke (also *kaćkV, *kEćV(-rV), *kačkV)

Uralic etymology :

Number: 218

Proto: *kačke

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: bitter

German meaning: bitter

Finnish: katkera, kitkerä 'bitter, herb'

Saam (Lapp): guoccâ ~ kuoccâ -c'câg- (N) 'rotten', kuohtsa (L) '(stinkender) Geruch', kī̊cc (T), kūcc (Kld.), kuohc (Not.) 'sauer (z. B. Fisch)'

Mari (Cheremis): kačǝ̑ (KB), koč́o (U), kočo (B) 'bitter, herb'

Udmurt (Votyak): ke̮š (S G) 'bitter, herb; unschmackhaft, ungesalzt'

Khanty (Ostyak): ki̮č (V), χĭšǝ (Ni.), ki̮či̮m (V), χečem (DN), χĭšem (Kaz.) 'Schimmel'

Mansi (Vogul): kɛ̮šǝk (TJ), χāšɣǝ (KU), kaššǝ (P), χāssí (So.)

Sammalahti's version: FP (ohne Fi) *kač(č?)V

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVCV

Meaning : bitter, sour

Eurasiatic : *gVc`wV ( ~ -č`w- )

Amerind (misc.) : *ḳači 'salt' (actually: 'bitter, sour') (R 593) [+ A?]

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