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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kā̆rb-
Meaning: 1 twins 2 to compete, match, compare, line together 3 to form a couple
Russian meaning: 1 близнецы 2 соревноваться, сравнивать, выстраивать вместе 3 образовывать пару
Modern Korean: karogi (arch.) 1, kap- [kalp-] (arch.), karu- 2
Middle Korean: kằr'ó-kí 1, kằr'ó- 3, kā̆rp- [kā̆rw-] 2
Comments: Nam 21, 23, KED 12, 48. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ŏ́ĺba
Meaning: couple, to couple, combine
Russian meaning: пара, сочетать(ся)
Comments: EAS 109, KW 184, Street 1980, 287. Mong. is not < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 142, but the Turk. and Mong. forms are certainly related, despite TMN 3, 364. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Koĺ
Meaning: 1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, unite
Russian meaning: 1 пара, один из пары 2 соединять(ся)
Old Turkic: qoš- 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qoš 1, qoš- 2 (MK) Turkish: koš- 2
Tatar: quš 1, quš- 2
Uzbek: qọš 1, qọš- 2
Uighur: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Sary-Yughur: qos 1
Azerbaidzhan: Goš- 2
Turkmen: Goš 'a couple of oxen', Goš- 'to add'
Khakassian: xos 1, xos- 2
Oyrat: qoš- 2
Chuvash: xoš- 2
Yakut: xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xohōn 'poem'
Dolgan: kohōn 'poem'
Tuva: qoš- 2
Tofalar: qo'š- 2
Kirghiz: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Kazakh: qos 1, qos- 2
Noghai: qos 1, qos- 2
Bashkir: qɨwɨš 1, quš- 2
Balkar: qoš- 2
Gagauz: qoš- 2
Karaim: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Karakalpak: qos 1, qos- 2
Salar: qoš 1, qoš- 2
Kumyk: qoš- 2
Comments: VEWT 283; EDT 670, Лексика 611, Федотов 2, 375, ЭСТЯ 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY) qoši, WMong. qos, Kalm. xoš 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980, 41, 42, Щербак 1997, 142). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kolbu-
Meaning: to couple, bind together
Russian meaning: объединять, сочетать
Written Mongolian: qolbu- (L 957) Middle Mongolian: qulba- (MA), qolba'ara- (SH) Khalkha: xolbo-
Buriat: xolbo-
Kalmuck: xolwǝ-
Ordos: xolbo-
Dagur: xolbo- (Тод. Даг. 177), xolbu-; holebe- (MD 163) Shary-Yoghur: xolbo-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xulbü-
Meaning: to bind, to arrange
Russian meaning: связывать, нанизывать, двигаться друг за другом
Evenki: ulbu-
Even: ulbъ-
Negidal: ulbul- 'to move in a tandem'
Orok: ulbumǯi 'in a tandem'
Nanai: xuelbi-
Oroch: ubbuna-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kásá
Meaning: 1 size, layer 2 to heap up, pile up
Russian meaning: 1 размер, слой 2 накладывать, наслаивать
Old Japanese: kasana- 2
Middle Japanese: kásá 1, kásána- 2
Tokyo: kàsane- 2
Kyoto: kásáné- 2
Kagoshima: kasané- 2
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳVĺwV
Meaning: whole, all, combine
Dravidian: [GS] cf. Kan. kōl, Tel. kōlu "big, huge, length" (DEDR 2239)
References: ND 879 *koĺʔV 'pair, one of a pair' (Alt. + SH), 1950 *q̇aywE(-LV) 'exclusively one's own' (Kartv. + dub. IE *kaiwelo-). Cf. also *kalV. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *koil-
Meaning: safe, unharmed
Celtic: Cymr coel `Vorzeichen', OCymr pl. coilou 'auspiciis', OBret coel `haruspicem' (brit. oe = idg. ai, nicht oi, oder ei; OIr cēl augurium < brit.)
Russ. meaning: целый и невредимый
piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: це́лый,
Near etymology: цел, цела́, цело́, укр. цíлий, др.-русск. цѣлъ, русск.-цслав. цѣлы, род. п. -ъве "исцеление", ст.-слав. цѣлъ ὅλος, ὑγιής (Остром., Супр.), болг. цял, сербохорв. ци̏о м., циjèla ж., словен. се̑l, чеш., слвц. сеlý, польск. саɫу, в.-луж. суɫу, н.-луж. сеɫу. Древняя основа на -u, судя по др.-чеш. z cělu "целиком".
Further etymology: Праслав. cělъ родственно др.-прусск. kailūstiskan "здоровье", греч. κοῖλυ ̇ τὸ καλόν (Гесихий), гот. hails, д.-в.-н. heil "здоровый, целый"; см. И. Шмидт, Vok. 2, 494; Бернекер I, 123 и сл.; Френкель, ВSрr. 44; Траутман, ВSW 112; Арr. Sprd. 350; Педерсен, IF 5, 35; Шпехт, KZ 64, 21 и сл.; Гофман, ВВ 16, 240; Перссон 516. Следует отделять от др.-ирл. cél, кимр. соil "(счастливое) предзнаменование"; см. Мейе, RS 2, 63; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 56 и сл.; Бругман, Totalität 41 и сл. О заимствовании слав. слова из герм. (Хирт, РВВ 23, 332) говорить нет основания.
Trubachev's comments: [Отсюда целко́вый, це́лка; см. Дикенман, RS, 21, 1960, стр. 141 . -- Т.]
Pages: 4,297
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xaila-, *xailia-; *xailiō; *xailaz, *xailiz n., *xailzá-n, *xaili-z
Meaning: hale, whole
Gothic: hail-s (a) `hale, healthy'
Old Norse: heil-l n. `Heil', heil-l f. `id.'; heil-l `heilvoll; unverletzt, vollständig'
Norwegian: heil adj.
Old Swedish: hel, häll sbs.
Swedish: hel adj.
Danish: held sbs.; hel adj.
Old English: hāl `whole, hale, well, in good health, sound, safe, without fraud, honest', hǟl `hale, safe, whole, sound', hǟl, -e f. `health, safetly, salvation, happiness', { hālor n. }
English: whole, hale
Old Frisian: hēl `genezen, ongederd, geheel'; hēl `Vorzeichen'
Old Saxon: hēl `voorteken'; hēl `gezond, onbeschadigd'
Middle Dutch: heil, heel n., f.; heel `gezond, ongeschonden, geheel, oprecht'
Dutch: heil n.; heel
Middle Low German: hēl adj.; heil `Glück, Segen, Rettung, Wohlergehen'
Old High German: heil `heil, gesund, ganz, vollkommen, unversehrt, errettet, erlöst' (8.Jh.); heil n. `Glück' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: heil 'gesund, hell; gerettet'; heil st. n. `Gesundheit; Glück, glücklicher Zufall, Heilung, Rettung, Hilfe'
German: heil; Heil
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 816
Root: kai-lo- (kai-lu-)
English meaning: bright; safe, healthy
German meaning: `heil, unversehrt, auch von guter Vorbedeutung'
Material: Cymr. coel f. `Vorzeichen', acymr. Pl. coilou `auspiciis', abret. coel `(h)aruspicem', leg. `(h)aruspicium', acymr. coiliaucc, acorn. chuillioc `augur' (air. cēl `augurium' brit.Lw.); got. hails, aisl. heill, ahd. heil `gesund, ganz', ags. hāl, engl. whole `ganz', ahd. heil n. `das Heil, Glück', ags. hǣl `günstiges Vorzeichen, Glück, Gesundheit', aisl. heil (*heilz, s-St.) n. f. `gute Vorbedeutung, Glück', ahd. heilisōn `Wahrzeichen beobachten', ags. hālsian `(böse Geister) beschwören', aisl. heilsa `begrüßen' (vgl. auch got. hails!, ags. wes hāl! als Gruß), ags. hālettan, ahd. heilazzen `begrüßen', ahd. (usw.) heilag `heilig'; ags. hālan Pl. `Nachgeburt' = norw. heile ds.;
apr. kailūstiskan Akk. Sg. `Gesundheit' (Ableitung von *kailūsta-s Adj., dieses von *kailu-s), kails! - pats kails! `Heil! - selbst Heil!', Trinkgruß;
abg. cělъ `heil, gesund; ganz, unversehrt', cěljǫ, cěliti `heilen', cělujǫ, cělovati `grüßen', dann auch `küssen'.
References: WH. I 130, Trautmann 112, Lidén KZ. 61, 25 f.
See also: Vielleicht zu kai- `allein', oben S. 519.
Pages: 520
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇owl-
Russian meaning: весь
English meaning: all
Georgian: q̇ovl-, q̇ovel-
Megrel: 'ir-, ir-
Laz: ir-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 213, EWK 418.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLWV
Meaning : whole
Afroasiatic : Sem. *kilʔ- 'both' ?
Sino-Caucasian : ST *kuɫ 'many, all; twenty'
Amerind (misc.) : *ḳuli 'good, healthy' (R 321) Notes : Probably same as KVLV.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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