Japanese etymology : List with all references

Proto-Japanese: *nǝ̀kǝ̂

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: saw

Russian meaning: пила

Old Japanese: nop(w)ogjiri

Middle Japanese: nòfògìrì

Tokyo: nóko, nokogíri

Kyoto: nòkô, nòkògírì

Kagoshima: nokó, nokogirí

Comments: JLTT 500. The OJ form with -p- is quite strange, perhaps a dialectal dissimilation ( < nokogjiri); all modern forms quite uniformly have -k-.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *lok`o ( ~ -u-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a cutting instrument

Russian meaning: режущий инструмент

Tungus-Manchu: *loxa

Japanese: *nǝ̀kǝ̂

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *loxa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sword, sabre

Russian meaning: меч, сабля

Evenki: likučiūn, lukučiur

Negidal: loxon

Spoken Manchu: lohǝ (607, 812)

Literary Manchu: loχo

Jurchen: lo-xo

Ulcha: loχo(n)

Nanai: loχõ

Oroch: loxo(n)

Udighe: lō

Comments: ТМС 1, 509.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lUkV

Meaning: cut, destroy

Indo-European: *lūg'-

Altaic: *loko

Uralic: *lewe (Dolg.: *l/ḷü[ɣ]e- 'strike, chop')

References: ND 1275 *Lu/ükE 'to beat, strike, break' (IE + Ur. + Sem.); ? 1277 *Lo[ʔ]ika 'cutting instrument' (Alt. + IE *sleig- 2663?).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *lūg'- (I.-Ir. -g-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to break

Tokharian: B lakle 'pain, suffering' (Adams 543)

Old Indian: rujáti, ptc. rugṇá- `to break, shatter, destroy, injure'; logá- m. `clod of earth, lump'; ruj- (in comp.) `breaking; pain, illness', rujā f. `breaking, fracture; pain, illness, disease', róga- m. `disease, sickness'

Avestan: uruxti- `Brechen, Zerreissen'

Armenian: lucanem `löse los, breche auf'

Baltic: *laûǯ- (-ja-) vb. tr. (2), *laûǯ-ī̂- vb. (1), *laûǯ-a- c., *laûǯ-ā̂ (2) f., *lū̂ǯ- vb. intr.

Germanic: *lūk-a- vb.

Latin: luctō (OLat), luctārī `ringen; sich abmühen, kämpfen'; lucta f. `Ringen, Ringkampf'

Celtic: *lukt- > OIr lucht `Teil, Ladung, Abteilung, Schar, leute', Cymr llwyth `load, burden, tribe'

Russ. meaning: ломать, выламывать

References: WP II 412 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *laûǯ- (-ja-) vb. tr. (2), *laûǯ-ī̂- vb. (1), *laûǯ-a- c., *laûǯ-ā̂ (2) f., *lū̂ǯ- vb. intr.

Meaning: break

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: láužti (-žia, -žē) 'brechen', intens. láužīti, laužù- 'zerbrechlich, brüchig, spröde'; láuža-s 'Haufen abgebrochener Zweige, Holzhaufen, Holzstoss, Scheiterhaufen, (Kohlen)meiler, usw.', lū́žti (- žta, -žō) `entzweigehen, brechen'

Lettish: laûzt (-žu, -zu) 'brechen', laûzît, laũzît (-u, -ĩju) 'wiederholt brechen; peinigen, foltern'; laûza `Bruch, Brechen, Windholz, Lagerholz, Herzleid'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *lūkan-

Meaning: break, pull

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: tō-lūcan `zerbrechen', lūcan `jäten'

Middle Low German: lūken `ziehen, zupfen'

Old High German: { lohhan `raufen, ziehen' }

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1191

Root: leuĝ-

English meaning: to break

German meaning: `brechen'

General comments: im Ar. mit g, im Balt. mit ĝ; ar. g wohl durch Einfluß von leug- `biegen'

Material: Ai. rujáti `zerbricht, peinigt', rugná- `zerbrochen', -ruj f. `Schmerz, Krankheit', rujā ds., rṓga- m. `Gebrechen, Krankheit', logá- `Erdkloß, Scholle';

av. uruxti- `Brechen, Zerreißen';

arm. lucanem `löse los, breche auf', loic `losgelöst, frei';

gr. ἀ-λυκτο-πέδη `unzerreißbares Band', λευγαλέος, λυγρός `traurig, schrecklich';

alb. lungë `Geschwur';

lat. lūgeō, -ēre `trauern' (*louĝei̯ō), lūctus, -ūs `Trauer', lūgubris `traurig, kläglich' (wohl *lūgos-ri-s);

air. lucht `Ladung, Inhalt, Schar, Leute' (*Teil?), cymr. llwyth `load, burden, tribe', gall.luchtos `Teil' (?), Adj. luchtodos, LVXTIIRIOS, Lucterius MN;

ags. to-lūcan `zerstören', ahd. liohhan `raufen, ziehen', mnd. lūken `ziehen, zupfen', ags. lūcan `jäten', schwed. luk, anord. lok n. `Unkraut'; hierher GN Loki als `Zerstörer';

`Lücke, Loch', nhd. Lücke, (nd.) Luke;

lit. láužiu, láužti, lett. laûžu, laûzt, trans. `brechen', ablaut. lit. lúžtu, lúžti, lett. lûstu, lûst, intrans. `brechen'; dazu lit. láužas m. `Haufen abgebrochener Zweige', lũžis m. `Bruch', lett. laûžńi `gebrochene Bäume'.

References: WP. II 412 f., WH. I 830 f., Trautmann 152 f.

Pages: 686

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 487

Proto: *lewe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to throw; shoot

German meaning: werfen; schiessen

Finnish: lyö- 'schlagen, prügeln'

Estonian: löö- 'schlagen, stoßen, stechen (von Schlangen)'

Mari (Cheremis): lüe- (KB U), lüje- (B) 'schießen'

Komi (Zyrian): li̮j- (S), vi̮j- (P) 'schießen, werfen', li- (PO) 'schießen'

Hungarian: lő-, löv- (lövök, dial. lőj-, lü-, li-) 'schießen; (dial.) schlagen, hauen'

Sammalahti's version: FU *lexi-