Japanese etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *k`èpù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to change, price

Russian meaning: цена, долг

Turkic: *Kẹbi-ĺč-

Mongolian: *kubil-

Korean: *káps

Japanese: *kupua-

Comments: Cf. *k`ápa (with a possibility of mergers).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kẹbi-ĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a gift of food to someone who comes to stack the crop after the fields are clear 2 harvest tax in favour of the poor or the clergy 3 debt

Russian meaning: 1 пищевой подарок тому, кто приходит складывать хлеб в скирды после того, как поля убраны 2 отчисление с урожая в пользу бедных или духовенства 3 долг

Karakhanid: kevšeŋ (MK; spelled kfsŋ) 1

Uzbek: kapsan 2

Uighur: käpsän 2

Chuvash: kivźen 3

Kirghiz: kepsen, kesmen 1

Kazakh: kewsen 1

Comments: Мудрак Дисс.. 89, EDT 585, 691, Федотов 1, 290-291. Turk. > Pers. kafsan 'harvest tax for the clergy and administration'; most modern forms may in fact have been borrowed back < Pers., but the Chuv. form can hardly be separated from the one attested in MK. The theory of its being borrowed from Mong. kölüsün (see Róna-Tas 1988) can be hardly justified. However, Hung. kölczön, indeed, has most probably a Mong. source and is not related to the words above.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kubil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to change

Russian meaning: изменяться

Written Mongolian: qubil- (L 977)

Khalkha: xuvila-

Buriat: xubil-

Kalmuck: xüwḷ- (КРС)

Ordos: xuwil-

Dagur: xobili- (Тод. Даг. 176), hobili- (MD 162)

Comments: Mong. > Kirgh. qubul- etc. (see ЭСТЯ 6, 96-98); Yak., Dolg. kubuluj- (Kaɫ. MEJ 104, Stachowski 159); > Manchu kūbuli- id. (see Rozycki 148).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *káps

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: price

Russian meaning: цена

Modern Korean: kap [kaps]

Middle Korean: káps

Comments: Nam 24, KED 57.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVpV

Meaning: price, tribute

Indo-European: *k(')aup-, *k(')wap-

Altaic: *k`èpù (or *k`ápa 969)

Dravidian: *kap-

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *k(')aup-, *k(')wap-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: merchant

Old Greek: káp[ē]lo-s m. `Kleinhändler, Krämer, Weinschenk'

Latin: caupō, -ōnis m. `Schenkwirt, Herbergswirt', cōpa f. `Schenkmädchen'

Russ. meaning: торговец, трактирщик

References: WH

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kap-

Meaning : tribute

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kap-am

Proto-Telugu : *kapp-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kap-am

Meaning : tribute

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kappam

Tamil meaning : tribute

Malayalam : kappam

Malayalam meaning : tribute, taxes

Kannada : kappa, kappu

Kannada meaning : tribute

Tulu : kappa

Tulu meaning : tribute, an offering

Number in DED : 1218