Japanese etymology : List with all references

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *tàpì-ra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flat, even

Russian meaning: плоский, ровный

Old Japanese: tapjira

Middle Japanese: tàpìrá

Tokyo: tàira, tairáka

Kyoto: tàìrá

Kagoshima: taíra

Comments: JLTT 538. Tokyo and Kagoshima point rather to *tápírá.

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *dĕ̀lp`à

Meaning: flat, wide

Russian meaning: плоский, широкий

Turkic: *jalpɨ

Mongolian: *dalba-

Tungus-Manchu: *delpi-n

Japanese: *tàpìra

Comments: VEWT 183, KW 75 (Turk.-Mong.), Цинциус 1984, 8, АПиПЯЯ 71, 287. Mong. has also a front vowel variant delbe 'flatness', delbeger 'broad, wide', ǯilbigar id.

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *jalpɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 broad, flat 2 blade, paddle 3 shallow

Russian meaning: 1 широкий, плоский 2 лист, лопасть 3 мелкий

Karakhanid: jalbɨ 1 (MK)

Turkish: jalpɨk 1

Tatar: ǯɛlpɛk 1

Middle Turkic: jalpaq 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jɔlpɔq 1

Uighur: jalpaq 1

Turkmen: jalpa 2, jalpaq 1, 3

Khakassian: čelbax, nalpax 1

Oyrat: jalbaq, d́albaq 1

Yakut: salbax 2

Dolgan: halbax 'span; foot'

Tuva: čalbaq 1

Tofalar: čalbaq 1

Kirghiz: ǯalpaq 1

Kazakh: žalpaq 1

Noghai: jalpaq 1

Bashkir: jalpaq 1

Gagauz: jalpaq 1

Karaim: jalpaq 1

Karakalpak: žalpaq 1

Kumyk: jalpaq 1

Comments: EDT 919, VEWT 182, ЭСТЯ 4, 14, 100-101, Stachowski 94. This root should be distinguished from *japur-gak 'leaf' and from *jalpɨ- / *jelpi- 'to shake, sway'.

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *dalba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be flat and wide

Russian meaning: быть плоским и широким

Written Mongolian: dalbaji- (L 225)

Middle Mongolian: dalba-ru (SH)

Khalkha: dalbaj-

Buriat: dalba-

Kalmuck: dalwǟ-

Comments: KW 75.

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *delpi-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wide, roomy

Russian meaning: широкий, просторный

Literary Manchu: delfin

Comments: ТМС 1, 233. Attested only in Manchu, but having quite probable external parallels.

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