Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tǝ́ká-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lizard

Russian meaning: ящерица

Middle Japanese: tókágè

Tokyo: tòkage

Kyoto: tòkágè

Kagoshima: tokáge

Yonakuni: tùgárà 'snake'

Comments: JLTT 548. RJ, Tokyo and Kagoshima point to *tǝ́ká-, but Kyoto - to *tǝ̀ká-. Cf. also Ryukyu: Yonaguni tùgárà 'snake'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *táke ( ~ d-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: snake, lizard

Russian meaning: змея

Tungus-Manchu: *dakV (?)

Korean: *tòirjòŋ

Japanese: *tǝ́ká-

Comments: Basically a Kor.-Jpn. isogloss; the Tungus parallel is dubious.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *dakV

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sheat-fish

Russian meaning: сом

Negidal: dāxị

Nanai: doaqa

Solon: dāxi

Comments: ТМС 1, 192.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tòirjòŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lizard

Russian meaning: ящерица

Modern Korean: toroŋ-njoŋ

Middle Korean: tòirjòŋ

Comments: Nam 162, KED 464.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *tVkV

Meaning: insect, vermine

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *deiǵ- 'tick' (Germ., Celt., Arm.)

Altaic: *táke ( ~ d-)

Uralic: ObU *tɛ̄ktVmV 'louse'

Dravidian: *tiK-

References: ND 2252 *tawikE 'insect, wormine' (IE, Alt + dub. Kartv. + Berb.), 2254 *taku[ń/ǹ]V ~ *taku[H]V 'bug' (Drav. - SH), 2343 *ṭäktV 'louse' (TM *tikte, SH which could be related to *ṭäjV + FU).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tiK-

Meaning : bedbug

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tig- (?)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tig- (?)

Meaning : bedbug

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : tagaṇi, tagaṇe, taguṇe, tigaṇe, tiguṇe

Kannada meaning : bedbug

Kannada derivates : (Hav.) savaṇe bedbug

Tulu : tagulè, caguḷè

Tulu meaning : bedbug

Proto-Nilgiri : *cēḷ- (*s-)

Miscellaneous : KURU (LSB) tokkɨ bedbug; KOR (M) cavṇa bedbug

Number in DED : 2996

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *cēḷ- (*s-)

Meaning : bedbug

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : cēḷ

Toda : (?) tixiṇy

Notes : It is very hard to suggest a PN reconstruction for both Kota and Toda forms. Most probably, Toda tixiṇy < Kan. tigaṇe.

Number in DED : 2996

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVKV

Meaning : insect, vermine

Eurasiatic : *tVkV

Afroasiatic : *tV(w)k- (Berb., Cush.)

Reference : ND 2252, 2254, 2343.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *takʷ-

Meaning: bug, beetle; fly

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *tukʷ(-ān)- ~ *kʷVt(-ān)- 'bug; worm; larva'

Egyptian: tkk.t 'ichneumon-fly'

Western Chadic: *takwan 'bleeding, cupping blood' ?

Beḍauye (Beja): *kʷitan/m 'bugs' (<Arab?)

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *tVkʷan- 'bug' (<Eth?)

Saho-Afar: *tVkʷan- pl. 'bugs, fleas' (<Eth?)

Low East Cushitic: *tukān- (<Eth?) ~ *kutān- (<Arab?) 'bedbug'

High East Cushitic: *tukān- 'bedbug' (<Eth.?)

Dahalo (Sanye): t_ákkwaʔe 'dung beatle'

Notes: Bla Beja 18

Semitic etymology :

Number: 163

Proto-Semitic: *tukʷ(-ān)- ~ *kʷVt(-ān)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bug; worm; larva'

Judaic Aramaic: tǝkak 'a worm in the silk' [Ja. 1668]

Arabic: kuttān- 'sorte d'insecte rouge et dont la picûre et douloureuse' [BK 2 864], [WKAS k 55]. According to [Selwi 187], a Yemenite word.

Geʕez (Ethiopian): tǝkʷān 'bedbug' [LGz. 573].

Tigre: tǝkan (tukan, dokan) '(bed-)bug' [LH 317], kǝtan '(bed-)bug(s)' [ibid. 415].

Tigrai (Tigriñña): tǝkʷan 'cimice' [Bass. 392].

Amharic: tǝhʷan 'bug, bedbug' [K 954]

Argobba: tuhan 'bug' [LArg. 222].

Harari: tuxān 'bug' [LHar. 149].

Gurage: Gog. Sod. tǝkan, Muh. Msq. tǝxan, Muh. tǝxʷan, Msq. Sod. tǝhan Wol. Zwy. tuhan, End. Sel. tuhān, Cha. Eža tǝxar, Gyt. tǝxār, Enm. tǝxā̃r 'bedbug' [LGur. 595].

Mehri: kettôn 'Wanze' [Jahn 202].

Notes: In South Semitic area only, PS status not quite reliable (note that Tgr. kǝtan and Mhr. kǝttôn may be Arb. loans). Tgr. kǝta 'young locusts, locust larva' [LH 412] and Tna kʷǝta 'cavallette ancora piccole che non possono volare' [Bass. 627] (< *kutā) may be related which would point to the suffixal origin of -ān in this term.

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: tkk.t

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ichneumon-fly'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *takwan

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bleeding, cupping blood'

Diri: takwana [SkNb]

Miya: takwam

Siri: takwana

Mburku: takwan

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: kutaan/m, kwitaan, pl. kután/m

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bugs'

Notes: Bla Beja 18 (<Arab?)

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *tVkwan-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bug'

Bilin: tǝxʷan

Khamir: tǝxʷan

Qwara: tuukaan

Qemant: tuxaanaa

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *tVkwan-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bugs' (pl.)

Saho: tǝkʷan

Afar (Danakil): tǝkʷan

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *tukān- ~ *kutān-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bedbug'

Somali: kutaan (Luling)

Oromo (Galla): (Borana) tukaani (Stroomer), Macha tukani

Notes: Bla Beja 18

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *tukān-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bedbug'

Qabenna: tuhaana

Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: t_akkwaʔe

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dung beatle'

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