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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *naja
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to envy, wish
Russian meaning: завидовать, желать
Mongolian: *najida-
Tungus-Manchu: *nadi-
Japanese: *nàità-m- ( ~ -ia-)
Comments: Poppe 37, 140, 158, JOAL 70. All forms reflect a dental suffix.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *najida-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to hope, trust 2 envy
Russian meaning: 1 надеяться, доверять 2 зависть
Written Mongolian: najida- 1, najidaŋɣui 2 (L 558)
Khalkha: najda- 1, najdangui 2
Buriat: najda- 1
Kalmuck: nä, nǟtǝg 'hope' (КРС)
Dongxian: naita- 1 (Тод. Дн.)
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dun,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *nadi-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to suspect, doubt, deny 2 to consider
Russian meaning: 1 подозревать, сомневаться, отрицать 2 полагать, считать
Evenki: nadi- 1, 2
Even: nadät- 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 577-578.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *nàità-m- ( ~ -ia-)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to envy, be jealous of
Russian meaning: завидовать, ревновать
Old Japanese: netam-
Middle Japanese: nètàm-
Tokyo: netam-
Comments: JLTT 734.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ʔVnV(jV)
Meaning: to wish, help
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *(o)nā-
Altaic: *naja
Kartvelian: *n-
References: Долгопольский 1971, 237; ND 1527 *n̄aʕi 'to go', 1559 *`n̄Vqa 'to assist' (with the same IE reflexes and some confusion as to SH).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *(o)nā-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to be fit, to help
Old Indian: nāthá- n. `help', m. `protector'; nāthate `to seek aid, ask for'
Old Greek: onínǟmi, pl. onínamen, aor. onǟ̂sai̯ `nützen, helfen, frommen', onínamai̯, aor. onǟsasthai̯, ōnǟ́mǟn, inf. ónasthai̯ `Nutzen, Vorteil haben, sich erfreuen, geniessen', hom. ónǟar (geschr. óneiar), ónǟsi-s f. `Nutzen, Vorteil, Gewinn, Genuss', onǟ́tōr m. `Helfer'
Russ. meaning: годиться, помогать
References: WP II 313 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1343
Root: nā-1
English meaning: to help, be of use
German meaning: `helfen, nützen'
Material: Ai. nā́-tha- n. `Hilfe', m. `Schützer', nā-tha-tē `fleht'; gr. ὀ-νί-νη-μι, -νᾰ-μεν `nütze', Fut. ὀ-νή-σω, Med. ὀ-νί-νᾰ-μαι, Aor. ὠνήμην `habe Nutzen', ὄνειαρ n., richtiger ὄνηαρ, -ατος `Nutzen' (*o-nā-u̯r̥), usw.
References: WP. II 315.
Pages: 754
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *n-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: хотеть, желать
English meaning: to wish
Georgian: n-
Svan: n-
Laz: n-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 145, EWK 257-258. См. Долгопольский 1971, 237 (сближение с ПИЕ *nē- 'помогать', монг. *nai- 'надеяться, желать').
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : HVNV
Meaning : wish
Eurasiatic : *ʔVnV(jV)
Sino-Caucasian : *ʔŋVhV
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔŋVhV
Meaning: wish; be ashamed
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *ʔnV̄hV̄ ( ~ -ʕ-)
Sino-Tibetan: *ŋăj
Basque: *nahi
Comments and references : BCD 38. In ST cf. also *n[ɨă].
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔnV̄hV̄ ( ~ -ʕ-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: shame; fright
Proto-Nakh: *ʔēħ
Proto-Lak: nih
Proto-Lezghian: *näh ( ~ -e-,-ħ)
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is reflected only in four languages, thus the precise vocalic reconstruction is difficult; still its PEC antiquity is quite probable (no possible source of borrowing is known to us).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *ʔēħ
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: shame
Chechen:
Ingush:
Comments: Obl. base *ʔēħi- (Ing. iħo); Chech. has generalized the vocalism of the direct base (cf. obl. base ēħa-), Ing. - the vocalism of the oblique base. 3d class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: nih
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: fright
Lak form: nih
Comments: Cf. Khosr. nih id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *näh ( ~ -e-,-ħ)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: vicious, sinful
Lezghian: neh
Comment: Attested only in Lezg., but having probable parallels in Lak. and PN.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋăj
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: consider, plan for
Chinese: *ŋajs to plan for, discuss, select.
Lushai: ŋai (ŋaiʔ) to think, to consider; to wait for; to long after.
Comments: KC *ŋai 'love' should be probably kept distinct from *ŋ(j)oj 'make love, copulate' q.v. (although confused in STEDT 349-352).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: yì
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋajs
Classic Old Chinese: ŋajh
Western Han Chinese: ŋajh
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋeh
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋè
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋè
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋè
Middle Chinese: ŋè
English meaning : to plan, give thought to; criticise
Russian meaning[s]: 1) обсуждать, решать; предмет обсуждения, решение, постановление, резолюция; 2) судить, критиковать; 3) уславливаться, договариваться; соглашение, договор; 4) рассуждение; докладная записка
Comments: Schüssler considers the word to be = 義 ('make or think to be right'). The standard Sino-Viet. reading is nghị. For *ŋ- cf. Chaozhou ŋi4, Fuzhou ŋie6.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 149
Four-angle index: 6777
Karlgren code: 0002 v
Vietnamese reading: nghĩa
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 2490
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 止開三去寘疑
ZIHUI: 6231 0721
Beijing: i 3
Jinan: i 3
Xi'an: i 3
Taiyuan: i 3
Hankou: i 3
Chengdu: ńi 3
Yangzhou: i 3
Suzhou: ńi 32
Wenzhou: ńi 32
Changsha: ńi 31
Shuangfeng: ńi 32
Nanchang: ńi 32
Meixian: ńi 3
Guangzhou: ji 32
Chaozhou: ŋi 22
Fuzhou: ŋie 32
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *nahi
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: will, desire
Bizkaian: nai
Gipuzkoan: nai
High Navarrese: nai
Low Navarrese: nahi
Lapurdian: nahi
Zuberoan: náhi
Roncalese: nai
Comments: Cf. PNC *ʔnV̄hV̄ 'shame, fright'. For semantic typology, cf. Latin cup- ‘wish, desire, long for’ ~ Old Indic kup- ‘become agitated, angry’.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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