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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ǯṓk`e ( ~ -k-)
Meaning: nearly, hardly
Russian meaning: почти, едва, с трудом
Comments: Basically a Western isogloss; the Japanese parallel is somewhat ambiguous.
altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jōk
Meaning: is not, there is not
Russian meaning: нет, не имеется
Old Turkic: joq (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: jok
Tatar: juq
Uzbek: jọq
Uighur: joq
Sary-Yughur: joq, ǯoq
Azerbaidzhan: jox
Turkmen: jōq
Khakassian: čox
Shor: čoq
Oyrat: d́oq
Halaj: jūq
Chuvash: śok, śoɣal-
Yakut: suox
Dolgan: huok
Tuva: čoq
Kirghiz: ǯoq
Kazakh: žoq
Noghai: joq
Bashkir: juq
Balkar: ǯoq, žoq, zox
Gagauz: joq
Karaim: joq, jo
Karakalpak: žoq, žaq
Salar: jox
Kumyk: joq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ǯug / *ǯüg
Meaning: in vain
Russian meaning: напрасно
Written Mongolian: ǯug, ǯüg; (L 1083) ǯüger, ǯügere Khalkha: ʒügēr 'so-so; common'
Kalmuck: zug, züg
Ordos: ǯügē 'however, but'; ǯügēr 'ordinaire; sans rien faire'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯuke
Meaning: 1 hardly, barely 2 simple, usual
Russian meaning: 1 едва, еле-еле 2 простой, обычный
Evenki: ǯupkēkī 'enough'
Spoken Manchu: ǯukun 'on bad terms, bad' (2507)
Literary Manchu: ǯuken 1, 2, ǯuki 'enough'
Ulcha: ǯuke(n) 1
Nanai: ǯukē̃ 1
Oroch: ǯukke, ǯuke 1
Udighe: ǯuke 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 272, 275. Man. > Dag. ǯuken (Тод. Даг. 145). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *dǝku
Meaning: usually, nearly
Russian meaning: обычно, часто, почти
Old Japanese: joku
Middle Japanese: joku
Tokyo: yoku
Comments: The word is written differently, but the accent is unknown and it may be actually an adverbial form of *dǝ- 'good' (v. sub *di̯òge). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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