Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *zep`i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hold in mouth, gnaw

Russian meaning: держать во рту, глодать

Turkic: *jap-

Tungus-Manchu: *sepke-

Korean: *sìp-

Japanese: *sipa-pur-

Comments: An expressive root, but appears to be well reconstructable for PA.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lap 2 greedy 3 lickerish

Russian meaning: 1 лакать, жадно пить 2 жадный 3 лакомый

Khakassian: jabɨlɨɣ 2 R 3, 281 (Koib., Kach.); čapla-t- 1, čapsɨx 3

Oyrat: japla-t- 1

Yakut: sabɨrɣā- 1

Comments: A local Siberian root.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sepke-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to grab (with teeth) 2 to grab 3 to nibble (of fish)

Russian meaning: 1 хватать (зубами) 2 хватать 3 клевать (о рыбе)

Evenki: sepke- 2

Even: hepku- 2

Negidal: sepkele- 2

Literary Manchu: seke- 3

Ulcha: sekpen- 1

Nanai: sekpen- 1

Oroch: seppe- 3

Udighe: sekpene- 3

Comments: ТМС 2, 144.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sìp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to hold in mouth, to chew

Russian meaning: держать во рту, жевать

Modern Korean: s:ip-

Middle Korean: sìp-

Comments: Nam 327, KED 1064.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sipa-pur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lick, gnaw

Russian meaning: лизать, обсасывать, обгладывать

Middle Japanese: sifabur-

Tokyo: shabur-

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *zVṗV ( ~ ž)

Meaning: to hold in mouth

Altaic: *zep`i

Dravidian: *sap-

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *sap-

Meaning : 1 to chew 2 to suck

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *sap-

Proto-Telugu : *capp-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sav-l- (*c-)

Proto-North Dravidian : *cap-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *sap-

Meaning : to chew

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cappu (cappi-)

Tamil meaning : to masticate, chew (as betel or tobacco), mumble in eating, munch, sip, suck

Tamil derivates : cavaṭṭu (cavaṭṭi-) to chew, masticate, swallow down; cavai (-pp-, -tt-) to chew, munch, suck mother's milk

Malayalam : cappuka

Malayalam meaning : to smack the lips, suck, sip, eat whilst working

Malayalam derivates : cava chewing, the sound of it; cavekka to chew; cavaccal chewing

Kannada : capparisu

Kannada meaning : to chuckle or cluck to an animal to urge it on, smack the lips in sipping or supping, produce the peculiar sound of chewing, chew with a noise

Kannada derivates : capparaṇe the peculiar smacking of the lips by which peasants stop their cattle, chuckling; jabbu, jabbisu to suck

Kodagu : caveN- (caveNmp-, caveNnt-)

Kodagu meaning : to chew

Kodagu derivates : (Nalknad dialect) cayeN- (cayeNmp-, cayaNnt-) to chew; (Shanmugam) caymp chewing

Tulu : capparipuni

Tulu meaning : to smack the lips

Tulu derivates : capacapa a noise made with the mouth as a pig in eating

Proto-Nilgiri : *sap-

Notes : External data shows *c- to be primary. In this case Kannada *sapp- and Toda *top- would be expected; the sibilant was probably preserved due to the root's expressivity.

Number in DED : 2334

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *sap-

Meaning : to suck

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : cap- (capy-) "to suck repeatedly (as when child sucks breast)"

Toda : sop- (sopy-)

Number in DED : 2334

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *capp-

Meaning : to smack, suck with a noise

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : capparincu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : cappu "to smack, suck, smack with noise"

Number in DED : 2334

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sav-l- (*c-)

Meaning : to chew

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : savseng "(Pat.) to chew"

Naikri : savs-

Parji : cavl-, cal-, (S) calv-

Kondekor Gadba : savl- (salv-, saluv-)

Number in DED : 2334

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *cap-

Meaning : to smack, chomp

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : cap-captre

Additional forms : Also copye to chew (as sugarcane)

Number in DED : 2334

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