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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯uŕ(k)u
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: quick, swift
Russian meaning: быстрый
Turkic: *dɨŕ-
Mongolian: *tür(ge-n)
Tungus-Manchu: *tur-ku-
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *dɨŕ-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to run away 2 to strive 3 to flounce, squib 4 to dash, race 5 tumble-weed
Russian meaning: 1 убегать 2 стремиться, рваться 3 суетиться, метаться 4 мчаться 5 перекати-поле
Tatar: tɨz-bɨz kil- 3
Azerbaidzhan: dɨzɨx- 1
Turkmen: dɨza- 2
Kirghiz: tɨz qoj- 4
Kazakh: tɨzɨlda- 4
Noghai: tɨzban 5
Bashkir: tɨzdap kit- 1
Karakalpak: tɨzɨlda- 4
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *tür(ge-n)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: quick, swift
Russian meaning: быстрый; кратковременный
Written Mongolian: tür, türgen (L 854, 855)
Middle Mongolian: turgen (HY 52), turken (MA 359)
Khalkha: tür, türgen
Buriat: türge(n)
Kalmuck: türgṇ
Ordos: türgen
Dagur: turegun (MD 228)
Shary-Yoghur: turgen
Comments: KW 416, MGCD 659. Mong. > Evk. turgen etc. (ТМС 2, 219, Doerfer MT 82, Rozycki 213); Yak., Dolg. türgen (Kaɫ. MEJ 20, Stachowski 235).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tur-ku-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to jump 2 to swoop (of a wind gust)
Russian meaning: 1 прыгать 2 налетать (о порыве ветра)
Evenki: turku- 1
Udighe: tuku- 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 220.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ṭurV
Meaning: quick
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *twer- 'hurry'
Altaic: *t`i̯or(g)i
Uralic: *türke (Wichmann WChr 51)
Kartvelian: *ṭur-
Comments: ?Cf. also PA *t`ī́ŕge, PIE *derǝ-.
References: МССНЯ 332.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *(s)twer[e]-, *(s)trē-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to move quickly, to hurry
Old Indian: tvárate `to hurry, make haste', ptc. tūrṇa-, tūrta-; tū́rṇi- `quick'; turá- `quick, prompt'
Avestan: *ptc. ɵwāša- `eilig'
Old Greek: ? otrǖ́nō `antreiben, aufmuntern, auffordern, betreiben', otraléo-, otrēró- `hurtig, rasch'
Germanic: *ɵwir-a- vb., *ɵur-ja- vb., *ɵur-an- m.; *ɵwar-ōn- f., *ɵwar-an- m.; *ɵwir-il-a- m.; *staur-ē- vb., *stur-ja- m., *stur-jōn- f., *stur-m-a- m., etc.; *ɵr-um-ja- m., *ɵr-um-jōn- f., *ɵr-um-ōn- f.
Latin: amptruō / antruō, -āre `bei den saliarischen Religiosfeiern tanzend im Kreis hüpfen'; 3 pl. antruant `moventur' Paul. Fest. 9
Russ. meaning: двигаться (о Броуне)
References: WP I 749
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *ɵwiran- vb., *ɵurjan- vb., *ɵurēn; *ɵwarōn, *ɵwarēn; *ɵwirila-z; *staurēn-, *sturja-z, *sturjōn, *sturma-z etc.; *ɵrumja-z, *ɵrumjōn, *ɵrumōn
Meaning: turn, mix
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old Norse: 1) ɵvara f. `Rührstab, Quirl'; ɵvari m. `Bohrer, Stock, Stange; Schwert, Speer'; ɵyril-l m. ON (Bergname), NIsl ɵüril-l `Rührstock'; ; ɵürja wk. `schnell fahren, sausen' (poet.); NIsl ɵori m. `Menge, Masse'; 2) stür-r m. `Tumult, Kampf', storm-r `Sturm, Kampf'; stürja f. `Tumult, Kampf' (poet.); storδ f. `Streit, Kampf' (ɵula); 3) ɵrüm-r m. `Lärm, Krachen', ɵrüma f. `Donner, Lärm', ɵruma f. `id.'
Norwegian: tvare `Bohrer'; tvorel, turull, tverel, tvirel; storm
Swedish: 1) dial. tvara, tvöra `umrühren', dial. türel, törel; storm
Danish: storm
Old English: 1) ā-ɵweran `rühren; ɵwǟre, ɵwēre f. `Stössel, Stampfe'; ɵwiril m. `Rührstab'; storm `Sturm'; 3) ɵrymm `Menge, lärmende Schar'; 2) styrian `bewegen'; gestyr `Bewegung'
English: stir; storm
Old Frisian: 2) stēra `verstrooien, vernietigen'
Old Saxon: far-sturian `subvertere'; storm `storm'
Middle Dutch: dwērelen `dwarrelen, draaien'; stōren, steuren `beroeen, kwellen, hinderen, storen, verwoesten'; stōren, Kil. stooren `storen, hinderen'; storm m. `onstuimige beweging, storm, heftige aanval'
Dutch: dwarrelen; dial. dweer `warrelwind'; storen, dial. steuren; storm m.
Middle Low German: 1) twerl, dwarl, dwerl `Wirbel, Kraushaar'; dwer, dwēre `warrelwind'; dwerl, dwarl `draai, krul'; stōren
Old High German: 1) thweran st. `mengen, drehen' (9.Jh.); thwiril (9.Jh.) `was sich schnell herumdreht, Rührstab'; 2) stōren, stōrren (ga-, ar-, zi-) `stören, in Verwirrung bringen'; ir-sturien `stöchern, antreiben'; sturm m. `heftige beweging; onstuimigheid, storm'
Middle High German: 1) twërn, dwërn st. `herumdrehen, durcheinanderrühren, mischen', frühnhd. (obd.) twir(e)l, (md.) quirrel, querel; 2) stürn wk., md. storen 'stochern; stacheln, antreiben'
German: 1) Quirl m.; schweiz. zweren; 2) stören `turbare', zer-, verstören; stüren `in etwas hertumstöbrn od. wühlen'; 3) Sturm; schweiz. sturm `schwindlig', stürmi `Schwindel'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 2056
Root: tu̯er-1 : tur- und tu̯r̥-
English meaning: to turn, whirl
German meaning: `drehen, quirlen, wirbeln', auch von lebhafter Bewegung überhaupt
General comments: woraus z. T. tru-
Derivatives: turbā `Larm'
Material: A. Ai. tváratē, turáti `eilt', tū́ryatē ds., tūrṇa-, tū́rṇi- `eilig', turá- in der Bed. `rasch' (nicht zu turá- `stark', das zu tēu- `schwellen'), turáṇa- `eilend', turaṇyáti `eilt' (: ὀτρύ̄νω aus ὀ-τρυ-ν-ι̯ω), av. ɵwāša- (ar. *tvárta-) `eilig'; turaga- `Pferd' (`Renner');

    gr. ὀ-τρύ̄νω (ὀ Präfix) `treibe an', Med. `eile', ὀτραλέος (*τρα- = idg. tu̯r̥-), ὀτρηρός `hurtig, flink' (vgl. ohne Präfix τρηρόν ἐλαφρόν Hes.); τορύ̄νη `Rührkelle', τορύνω `rühre um' (*τυρυνᾱ);

    lat. trua f. `Schöpfkelle, auch zum Umrühren beim Kochen', trulla, truella `Schöpfkelle, Napf', trulleum `Becken, Waschbecken', wohl auch amptruō, -āre `bei den saliarischen Religionsfeiern tanzen und hüpfen';

    ahd. dweran st. V. `schnell herumdrehen, durcheinander rühren, mischen' (nhd. bair. zweren), ags. ðweran `rühren', ge-ðwer `Quark', schwed. tvära `umrühren'; aisl. þvara `Quirl', ags. ðwǣre, ðwēre f. `tudicula'; aisl. þyrill, ags. ðwirel, ahd. dwiril `Quirl, Rührstab'; mnd. dwarl, dwerl `Wirbel, Locke'; isl. þyrla `wirbeln', nhd. dorlen `sich drehen'; aisl. þori m. `Menge, Größe, Anteil', vom Schalleindruck einer durcheinanderwirbelnden Menge aus wohl auch aisl. þyrja `laufen, sausen', þurs, þors `Unhold, Riese', ags. ðyrs `Riese, Dämon', ahd. thuris, dur(i)s, turs ds.;

    B. mit b-Erweiter.: gr. σύρβη, att. τύρβη `Lärm, Verwirrung', Adv. σύρβᾰ, att. τύρβᾰ `durcheinander'; lat. turba f. `die lärmende Unordnung einer Menge, Verwirrung, Getümmel', turbō, -āre `verwirren, durcheinanderbringen', turbō, -inis m. `Wirbelwind, Wirbel, drehendeBewegung, Kreisel'; mir. torbaid `verwirrt', cymr. twrf m. `Lärm' (lat. Lw. torf f.), tyrfu `lärmen' (M. O'Brien Ériu 11, 91); aisl. þorp `Menschenhaufen', þyrpa `drängen'; vielleicht hitt. tarup(p)- `vereinigen, versammeln';

    C. mit m-Formans: lat. turma `Schar, Schwarm', aisl. þruma f., þrymr m. `Lärm, Krachen', ags. ðrymm m. `Schar, Menge, Macht, Herrlichkeit, Glanz', ðrymma `Krieger'; as. heru-thrum `verderbliche Gewalt des Schwertes'; mhd. nhd. dial. drumeln `sich im Wirbel drehen, taumeln', schweiz. drümmel `Schwindel', und mhd. *durm, turm `Wirbel, Taumel, Schwindel', mhd. nhd. dial. durmel, dürmel (t-) `Schwindel, Taumel, Wirbel', durmig (dürmig, dürmisch) `betäubt taumelnd, schwindlig; tobend, ungestüm, zornig';

    D. im Germ. eine bedeutungsgleiche Sippe mit anlaut. s- und den Ablautstufen germ. *stur- und *staur-: ahd. stōr(r)en (ga-, ar-, zi-) `stören, in Verwirrung bringen', nhd. stören `turbare' (stören `im Lande herumfahren, auf die stör gehen', zerstören, verstört, afries. tōstēra `zerstören' (vgl. lat. turbāre : disturbāre); ablaut. aisl. styrr, Gen. styrjar m. `Getümmel, Verwirrung, Geräusch', ags. styrian `bewegen, verwirren, aufrühren, erzählen', gestyr n. `Bewegung', ahd. irsturien, mhd. stürn `stochern, antreiben', nhd. stüren `in etwas herumstöbern oder wühlen'; aisl. sturla `in Unordnung bringen, stören', mhd. stürel `Werkzeug zum Stüren'; mitm-Suffix (s. o.) aisl. stormr `Sturm, Unruhe, Kampfessturm', ags. storm, ahd. sturm `Sturm', schweiz. sturm `schwindlig', stürmi `Schwindel'.

References: WP. I 749 f., WH. I 42, II 708 f., 718, 719, Mayrhofer 1, 514, 539, 569 f.
Pages: 1100-1101
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭur-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: бросать, броситься (откуда-либо)
English meaning: to throw, to throw oneself (from somewhere)
Georgian: ṭur-ṭur-
Megrel: ṭur-in-
Notes and references: EWK 334-335.
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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : TVRV
Meaning : quick
Eurasiatic : *ṭurV
Sino-Caucasian : *=ĭṭVr
Reference : МССНЯ 332.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ĭ́ṭVr-
Meaning: quick
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=ĭṭVr
Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)ŭr
Basque: *e=tor̄i
Comments and references : NSC 63 *ṭUrV, WFR 108, LDC 30.
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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ĭṭVr
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to run
Proto-Nakh: *=ăṭ-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ṭVr-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiṭV(r)-
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level; cf. also Hurr. it:- 'to go (away)' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 28). Correspondences are regular. Abdokov (1983, 183) compares PAK *dǝdǝ- 'to run (at once, momentarily)' (Ad., Kab. dǝdǝ-n), which is possible if we assume a secondary deglottalisation.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *=ăṭ-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to run
Chechen: =ad-
Ingush: =ad-
Batsbi: =aṭ-
Comments: Cf. also PN *ħ-aṭ- / *ħ-ēṭ- (with a preverb) 'to run, leap' : Chech. ħad-, Bacb. ħeṭ-. Other Ablaut grades: *ʔiṭ- (Chech. dur. id- 'to run (away)'), *=oṭ- (Bacb. =oṭ- 'to cross; walk'), *=a-b-ṭ (Chech. =owd-, Ing. =ɔwd-) 'to run (plur.)'.
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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ṭVr-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to run 2 to run away
Avar: ṭur- 2
Chamalal: ṭa-d- 1
Tindi: ṭē- 1
Godoberi: ṭar-
Comments: Cf. also God. Zib. ṭar-d- 'to run'. The Cham. and Tind. forms also go back to *ṭa-d- < *ṭar-d- ( ~ -o-), with a suffixed -d-. All languages reflect stem II *ṭVr-.
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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiṭV(r)-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to run
Udi: t:ist:un
Comment: Ud. t:ist:un (< *t:it:-sun) reflects a reduplicated stem. The root is attested only in Udi, but has probable external parallels.
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t(h)ŭr
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: run, hasten
Chinese: *d_or hasten, quickly.
Tibetan: dur to run, ãdur to trot.
Lushai: tur to urge, compel, to hurry.
Lepcha: tor to run away, to flee, to escape,to desert
Comments: Trung tɔr1-čǝ3 to run.
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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: chuán
Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)or
Classic Old Chinese: d(h)on
Western Han Chinese: d(h)on
Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)on
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)on
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)on
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)on
Middle Chinese: ʒ́wen
English meaning : be quick, be hurrying
Russian meaning[s]: 1) спешить, торопиться; быстро, поспешно; 2) раз, разок
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 162
Four-angle index: 6538
Karlgren code: 0168 m-n
Shijing occurrences: 39.3, 52.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *e=tor̄i
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to come 2 to get along, agree, adapt 3 eloquence, inspiration 4 luck (in games)
Bizkaian: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4
Gipuzkoan: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4
High Navarrese: etorri 1, (Ulzama) torri 1, 2
Lapurdian: ethorri 1
Baztanese: torri 1, 2
Comments: Eastern dialects prefer *e=augin 'to come' (q.v.).
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