Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *tok`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: base of a horn, callosity

Russian meaning: основание рога, мозоль

Turkic: *Tok

Mongolian: *duku

Tungus-Manchu: *dokta-

Japanese: *takua

Comments: The meaning 'base of a horn' attested in some Turkic languages is probably original and explains well the semantic development elsewhere ( > 'callosity'; 'forehead (of an animal)' etc.).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Tok

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hummel 2 base of a horn 3 with a shaved head

Russian meaning: 1 комолый 2 основание рога 3 бритоголовый

Karakhanid: toq 3 (MK)

Middle Turkic: toqal (R) 1

Uzbek: tọqɔl 1, 3

Uighur: toqal 1

Halaj: ? toq 'Gipfel, Spitze'

Tuva: toqpaq 'куцый' (хвост), doqpaq 'корноухий'

Tofalar: ? to'q 'крупный о шарообразном'

Kirghiz: toqol 1

Kazakh: toqal 1, 2

Noghai: toqal, toqalaq 1, 3

Bashkir: tuqal 1

Balkar: toqal 1

Karaim: toqal 'с тупым концом'

Karakalpak: toqal 1

Comments: VEWT 485, 486 (but not < Mong., despite Räsänen); EDT 464.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *duku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 back of the head 2 forehead

Russian meaning: 1 затылок 2 лоб

Written Mongolian: duqu (L 278)

Khalkha: duxa 1, 2

Buriat: duxa 2, 1 (Agin.)

Kalmuck: duxǝ 1, 2

Ordos: duxu 2

Dagur: dox 1

Comments: Cf. ZM doqei 'knob, nodosity' (2-8a). KW 101.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *dokta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: forehead (of an animal)

Russian meaning: лоб (животного у верхней части носа), лобные бугры

Evenki: doktonno

Literary Manchu: doqǯix́an

Comments: ТМС 1, 213.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *takua

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: callosity

Russian meaning: мозоль

Tokyo: tako

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *toḳE

Meaning: tail

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *dok'-

Altaic: *tok`à 'base of a horn, callosity'?

Dravidian: *tōk-

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *dok'-

Meaning: hair (of tail)

Old Indian: daśā f. `fringe of a garment, loose ends of any piece of cloth, skirt or hem'

Germanic: *tḗx=/*tēg-ṓ(n-) f.; *tag-l-á- m., n.; táx-ja- vb.

Celtic: OIr dūal (< *doklo-) `Locke'

Russ. meaning: волос (в хвосте)

References: WP I 785

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *tḗx=/*tēgṓ(n); *taglá-n, -z; táxjan- vb.

Meaning: hair, fiber

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: tahjan (~ -ā-) wk. `tear apart', tagl n. (a) `Haar'

Old Norse: tagl n. `die Haare im Pferdeschwanz'; NIsl tǟja `card, comb (wool)'; tāg, tɔ̄g f. `Wurzelfaser'

Norwegian: tɔg; tagl; dial. täja, tɔ `Fasern'

Swedish: tagel; tɔga, dial. tɔg

Danish: dial. tawl `Schwanzhaar'

Old English: tägl, -es m. `tail'

English: tail

Middle Low German: tagel `Tauende'

Old High German: zagal `Schwanzhaar, Stachel, Penis'

Middle High German: zāch, zāhe st./wk. m. 'docht'; zagel st. m. 'schwanz, schweif; wimpel; männl. glied; stachel der biene u. dgl.'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 327

Root: dek̂-2 (: dok̂-, dēk̂-)

English meaning: to tear

German meaning: `reißen, zerreißen, zerfassern'

Material: Ai. daśā `die am Ende eines Gewebes hervorragenden Zettelfäden, Fransen'; ir. dūal `Locke'(*dok̂lo-); got. tagl n. `einzelnes Haar', anord. tagl n. `die Haare im Pferdeschwanz', ags. tægl (engl. tail) m. `Schwanz', ahd. zagel `Schwanz, Stachel, männliches Glied, Rute'; got.tahjan `reißen, zerren', distahjan `zerstreuen', isl. tæeja, tāa `karden', norw. dial. tæja (*tahjan) und taa (*tahōn) `fasern, zerreißen'; anord. tāg, Pl. tǣger und tāgar f. `Faser', mhd. zāch, zāhe f. `Docht, Lunte'; in anderer Bed. (`zerrend - ziehend, hinausziehend') norw. mdartl. taag `langsam und andauernd', mnd. tēge, ostfries. tāge `zähe' und ahd. zag `zögernd, unentschlossen, zaghaft' wozu zagēn `verzagt und unentschlossen sein';

    vielleicht hierher als `woran man sich reißt' oder `abgerissenes, rissiges Stück', mhd. zacke m. f., nhd. Zacke, mengl. takke `fibula', engl. tack `Stift, kleiner Nagel', mit anderem Auslaut tagg, tagge m. `hervorragende Spitze, Zacke'; oder gehört Zacke zu lett. dęgums `Nase, Schuhspitze'?

   

References: WP. I 785.

See also: S. auch unter denk̂-.

Pages: 191

PIE database: PIE database

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tōk-

Meaning : tail

Proto-South Dravidian: *tōk-ai

Proto-Telugu : *tōk-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tōk-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tōk-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tōk-ai

Meaning : tail

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tōkai

Tamil meaning : tail, tail of peacock, front end of cloth, plaited folds of a woman's cloth, sheath of a sugar-cane, plantain stem, anything hanging down as a flag, streamer

Malayalam : tōka

Malayalam meaning : anything that hangs down, tail, as of a peacock

Kannada : tōke

Kannada meaning : anything that hangs down, tail

Tulu : tōkè, tōkelụ

Tulu meaning : slope, declivity

Number in DED : 3538

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tōk-

Meaning : tail

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tō̃ka

Number in DED : 3538

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tōk-

Meaning : tail

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : tōke

Naikri : tōka

Parji : tōka

Number in DED : 3538

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tōk-

Meaning : tail

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *tōk-aR

Konda : tōka

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *tōk-aR

Meaning : tail

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : tōkār

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : tōkār

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : tōkār

Gommu Gondi : tōkar

Muria Gondi : tōkar "tail, portion of men's cloth dangling behind"

Maria Gondi : tōkar̨(i) (pl. tōkah_ku)

Koya Gondi : tōka

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : tōka

Chindwara Gondi : tōkar

Adilabad Gondi : tōkor

Number in DED : 3538

Number in CVOTGD : 1813

Konda etymology :

Konda : tōka

Meaning: tail

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3538

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVKV

Meaning : tail

Eurasiatic : *toḳE

Amerind (misc.) : *tuk 'tail' (R 725)

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