Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *si̯únŋu ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: island, shallow place

Russian meaning: остров, отмель

Mongolian: *sinaɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *suŋnī-

Japanese: *súná

Comments: The meaning 'shallow place' explains the semantic developments ( > 'island', 'sand'; 'tussock in a swamp').

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sinaɣa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 island 2 bend of a river; ridge, mountain ridge

Russian meaning: 1 остров 2 излучина реки; горный хребет

Written Mongolian: sinaɣa (L 710) 2

Middle Mongolian: sina'a (SH) 1

Khalkha: šanā 2

Ordos: šinā 'a salient part of the chain of mountains'

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *suŋnī-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tussock (in a swamp)

Russian meaning: кочка (в болоте)

Evenki: suŋnīkēɣ, sumnīkēɣ

Negidal: semkeɣ

Ulcha: suŋpu(n)

Orok: suŋči

Nanai: suŋpũ, sumkũ, suŋku(n)

Oroch: sompo

Comments: ТМС 2, 128. -m- in some forms is probably due to assimilation.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *súná

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sand

Russian meaning: песок

Middle Japanese: suna-gwo

Tokyo: sùna

Kyoto: súná

Kagoshima: súna

Nase: šìná

Shuri: šínà

Yonakuni: čìnáŃ

Comments: JLTT 534.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *c'UŋV

Meaning: island; hill

Altaic: *si̯únŋu ( ~ z-)

Uralic: *ćiŋkä (ćüŋkä)

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 66

Proto: *ćiŋkä (ćüŋkä)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: hill

German meaning: Hügel

Estonian: sünk (gen. sünga) 'höherer Rasenhügel'

Saam (Lapp): čodne, čogne (N) 'tuber, gibbus', tjågŋē (L), 'Biegung, Krümmung, Buckel', t́š́uǝŋ͔̄^gk͔ (Kld.), t́š́ŭᾰG͔̀ḱ͔^E 'Klumpen, Haufen, Bündel'

Mari (Cheremis): šüŋɣä (KB), šŭŋɣa (J) 'Erdhöcker, Haufen'

Khanty (Ostyak): *śoŋk, *śoŋgam (Ahlqv.) 'Berg, Hügel', śuŋk (O) 'Unebenheit, Hügel'

Mansi (Vogul): śɔ̄̈χ-paχ (KU) 'höhere Stelle, Unebenheit (auf dem Wege)', śaŋ_ok_o (So.) 'Anhöhe, Hügel, Erdhöcker; Teil; Ding, Gegenstand', śak_oǝr (LO) 'Hügel, Abhang od. dgl.'

Hungarian: seg, ség 'Hügel' (?) (in GN: Balag-seg, Seg-hegy, Seges-vár)

K. Reshetnikov's notes: For the reconstruction variants in Ugric see Notes in UGRET 58. Despite UEW, Mar. *šuŋgǝ is likely to have another origin than Mar. Mnt. šüŋɣä (cf. Bereczki 73 vs. Bereczki 71) - see URAET 86, MARET 24.

References: FUV; MSzFgrE; TESz; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 27