Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *săjgo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to filter, ooze

Russian meaning: цедить, сочиться

Turkic: *sag-

Mongolian: *saɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *saji-ǯa (~-g-)

Korean: *sắi-

Japanese: *sú

Comments: EAS 85, KW 317, Владимирцов 194. Poppe 29, 59 (Turk.-Mong.), АПиПЯЯ 15. Mong. is hardly borrowed from Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 144. *-jg- is probable because of the TM reflex and loss of *-g- in Jpn.; Korean high tone (rather untypical for a verb) is also possibly due to contraction (see also *sắjV 'shallow place' - a possible source of contamination).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sag-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to milk

Russian meaning: доить

Old Turkic: saɣ- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: saɣ- (MK)

Turkish: sā-, dial. saɣ-

Tatar: saw-

Middle Turkic: saɣ- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: sɔɣ-

Uighur: saɣ-

Sary-Yughur: saɣ-

Azerbaidzhan: saɣ-

Turkmen: saG-

Khakassian: saɣ-

Oyrat: sā-

Halaj: sa:ɣ-

Chuvash: sъʷv-

Yakut: ɨa-

Tuva: saɣ-

Kirghiz: sā-

Kazakh: saw-

Noghai: saw-

Gagauz: sā-

Karaim: sav-

Karakalpak: saw-

Salar: sax-

Kumyk: sav-

Comments: VEWT 393, EDT 804, ЭСТЯ 7.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *saɣa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to milk

Russian meaning: доить

Written Mongolian: saɣa- (L 656)

Middle Mongolian: sa'a- (SH), sa- (MA 319)

Khalkha: sā-

Buriat: hā-

Kalmuck: sā-

Ordos: sā-

Dongxian: sa-

Baoan: sā-

Dagur: sā- (Тод. Даг. 161, MD 204)

Shary-Yoghur: sā-

Monguor: s(w)ā- (SM 356), sāli 'animal qu'on trait, femelle (brebis, chèvre)' (SM 321)

Mogol: sɔ- (Weiers); ZM sā- (23-5b)

Comments: KW 317, MGCD 585. Mong. > Sol. saga- 'to milk', see Poppe 1961, 191.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *saji-ǯa (~-g-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sieve

Russian meaning: сито

Ulcha: sajǯa

Nanai: sajǯa

Comments: ТМС 2, 55.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sắi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to leak, ooze

Russian meaning: сочиться, протекать

Modern Korean: sǟ-

Middle Korean: sắi-

Comments: Nam 296, KED 921.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sú

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bamboo sieve, mat

Russian meaning: бамбуковое сито, циновка

Middle Japanese: sú

Tokyo: su

Comments: JLTT 531.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sVjHV

Meaning: to sift

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *sēy-

Altaic: *săjgo

Uralic: *sokta ?

Comments: ? Same root as *cwVHV

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *sēy-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to sift

Old Greek: ēthéō, aor. ptc. (Hp. ap. Gal.) ē̂sas `(durch)seihen, (durch)sieben', ēthmó-s (Inschr. hethmos) `Durchschlag, Sieb'; hi-maliá = tò epímetron tō̂n aleúrōn Hsch.

Slavic: *sī́to; *sḗjāti/*sḗti, *sējǭ; *sī́to

Baltic: *seî-t-a- c. (2), *sij-ā̂- vb.

Germanic: *sē-dl-a- n.

Celtic: *sītlo- > MIr sithlad `das Sieben'; Cymr hidl

Albanian: šoš `siebe'

Russ. meaning: просеивать

References: WP II 459 f

Comments: This root differs in Balto-Slavic accentologically from *sē- 'to sow'.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *seî-t-a- (2) c., *sij-ā̂- vb.

Meaning: sieve, sift

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: síeta-s `Sieb, bes. feines Sieb'; sijṓti `durchsieben, sichten; fein schneien oder regnen'

Lettish: siêts 'Sieb; Weberkamm'; sijât (-ãju) 'sieben, beuteln; prüfen, kritisieren; fein regnen'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *sēdla-n

Meaning: sieve

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: sāld n. `Sieb'

Norwegian: sɔld

Swedish: sɔll

Danish: sɔld, sold

Comments: > Fin siekla `Sieb'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1659

Root: sē(i)-1

English meaning: to sift

German meaning: `sieben'

Derivatives: sē-tlo- `Sieb'

Material: Gr. ἤθω, ἤθέω `siebe', ἠθμός m. `Seihtuch, Sieb'; ablautend (wohl ī-) ἱμαλιά̄ τὸ ἐπίμετρον τω̃νἀλεύρων Hes., ἱμαλίς, -ίδος `Schutzgöttin der Mühlen' u. dgl.; (über lat. simila `feinstes Weizenmehl' s. aber WH. II 538); mir. sīthlad `das Sieben' (das th von sīthal `Eimer'); cymr.hidl, mbret. sizl, nbret. sil `Sieb' aus *sē-tlo- = aisl. sāld n. `Sieb' = got. *sēþl, vorausgesetzt durch karel. siekla, finn. seula `Sieb'; lit. síetas `Sieb' = aksl. sito ds. (*sēi-to-), lit. sijóju, -ti `sieben'; slav. *sějǫ, *sěti (*sějati) in aksl. pro-sěati `σινίασαι' serb. sȉjati `sieben', (Präs.-St. *sēi̯a-, Prät.-St. *sii̯ā-); alb. shosh `siebe'(*si̯ā-s);

    *sēi- `sieben' ist wohl als `durch ein Geflecht fallen lassen' eine Sonderanwendung von *sēi- `entsenden, werfen, säen, fallen lassen'.

References: WP. II 459, Trautmann 254.

Pages: 889

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 916

Proto: *sokta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to mix, sift

German meaning: umrühren, mischen

Finnish: (seuhto- 'umschütteln, umrühren, verwirren' - rejected by Redei)

Mordovian: suvtńe- (E), śifońd́e- (M) 'sieben', suvt́eme (E), śuft́em, śiftem 'Sieb'

Mari (Cheremis): šakta (KB), šokta- (U B), šokt- (M) 'sieben', šokte (B) 'Sieb'

Selkup: tuak͔ta-, têak͔tenge- (Ta.), tuok͔ta- (Ke.) 'mischen', tuek͔ta- (N) 'mischen, umrühren'

K. Redei's notes: *seuk-

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVHV

Meaning : seed; to sift

Eurasiatic : *sVjHV

Sino-Caucasian : *=ásA

Amerind (misc.) : ? *icu 'seed' (R 616) [+ K]

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ásA

Meaning: to throw, sow

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=as_A-r

Yenisseian: *ʔV(ʔ)s-

Comments and references : Cf. perhaps PST *sej `fruit, plant'.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=as_Ar

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to throw; to leave, let

Proto-Nakh: *t-as-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=is:t- ( ~ -š:t-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔas:ar-

Proto-West Caucasian: *(p)sV

Notes: A common NC verbal root; note its frequent combination with *tV- (either prefixed or suffixed, possibly a reflexion of an old compound with *=atVr- 'to let, to be (located)'). Kartvelian *tas- / *tes- 'to sow' is hardly related genetically: most probably it is a loan from early Nakh or Adygh. See Abdokov 1983, 180-181.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *t-as-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to throw, scatter 2 to sow 3 to leave

Chechen: tas- 1,2

Ingush: tass- 1,2

Batsbi: tas- 1,3

Comments: Gemination in Ing. -ss- is not quite clear.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=is:t- ( ~ -š:t-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to let, leave

Chadakolob: =ecé-

Andian language: =elt-

Akhvakh: =es:- (Ratl.)

Chamalal: =es:-

Tindi: =ešt-

Karata: =eš:d-

Comments: The stem is probably an old compound of *=is:- ( = PL *=as:ar-) and *=it- 'to let' (q.v.), with a special development of the specific cluster *-s:t-.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔas:ar-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to throw 2 to leave 2 to put

Tabasaran: a=s- 1 (Düb.)

Tsakhur: h-a=s:ar- 2

Budukh: o=sur- 2,3

Comment: The Bud. root is used only as a durative stem (in present, prohibitive).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *(p)sV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to scatter 2 to sow

Abkhaz: a-ta-psa-rá 1

Abaza: ta-psa-ra 1,2

Kabardian: te-sa-n 1

Ubykh: wa-s(ǝ)- 2

Comments: PAT *pǝsa- (used only with preverbs, cf. also *ḳa-pǝsa- 'to throw, scatter'). See Shagirov 1962,53, Abdokov 1973,72, Shagirov 2,72 (with literature). In view of this etymology, the Ubykh merger with wa-s(ǝ)- 'to sit in' appears secondary.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔes-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sow; to throw

Ket: sus (Сл.) "to sow"; eś-kij⁶ "to throw", d-estъ:³, (Werner 1, 249) ɛ́ś-tij 'to shoot'

Yug: ɛsɨʔ (Werner 1, 249) 'to throw'; d-estǝu 'to shoot'

Kottish: ačōʔuk "sowing"; ačōʔukŋ "to sow", praet. ačōlaʔukŋ, imp. ačālčuk, pass. ačōlāʔuki; het-ča, hit-ča 'shooting', hit-čā-kŋ 'to shoot' (het- = hat 'fire'); Ass. (Сл.) pičiga "to sow"

Arin: pis (Сл.) "to sow"; (Лоск.) s-og-ontem 'I throw'

Pumpokol: kónčadin (Сл.) "to sow" ?

Comments: ССЕ 188-189, 204. Roots for "throwing" and "sowing" are probably to be united (although they are divided in ССЕ). Ass. pičiga and Ar. pis may belong here if p- is a class marker. One should also take into account that these Assan and Arin forms, as well as the Pumpokol one, may actually reflect a faulty translation, being very close phonetically to the words for 'evening' and 'dark' - see on that Werner 2, 173. See also Werner 1, 247-248, 249-250, 317 (forms meaning "throw", without reconstruction).

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