Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ŏ̀t`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn, singe

Russian meaning: жечь, палить

Turkic: *üt-

Mongolian: *hutuɣa

Tungus-Manchu: *put-

Korean: *pɨ̀th-, *ptɨ́-, *ptí-

Comments: SKE 265 (criticized with no reason at all in TMN 2, 10: "unannehmbar").

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *üt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to singe

Russian meaning: палить, опаливать

Karakhanid: üt- (MK)

Turkish: üt- (dial.)

Tatar: ü̆t-

Middle Turkic: üt- (IM)

Azerbaidzhan: üt-

Turkmen: üt-

Chuvash: vǝt-

Yakut: üt-

Kazakh: üjt-

Bashkir: ü̆t-

Karakalpak: üjt-

Comments: EDT 40, VEWT 524, ЭСТЯ 1, 640, TMN 2, 9-10.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *hutuɣa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 smoke 2 to smoke, fumigate

Russian meaning: 1 дым 2 дымить

Written Mongolian: utuɣa(n), utaɣa(n) (L 889)

Khalkha: utā(n) 1, uta- 2

Buriat: utā(n)

Kalmuck: utān

Ordos: utā

Dongxian: fudu- 2

Dagur: xutā 1 (Тод. Даг. 180), xoto- 2

Shary-Yoghur: hdā, χdā 1, χdu- 2

Comments: KW 452, MGCD 676, 682, 683.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *put-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to roast, grill

Russian meaning: жарить, обжигать, опаливать

Spoken Manchu: fičix́alǝ- 'to singe' (379)

Literary Manchu: fuči-x́ala-

Comments: ТМС 2, 304. In Manchu cf. also fotor 'curling (of smoke)', foto 'stink, stench'. Cf. also Evk. (Kamn.) petere- 'to smoke, fume' - because of p-, probably a loan from some South.-Tung. language.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pɨ̀th-, *ptɨ́-, *ptí-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn, catch fire 2 to cauterize 3 to boil, steam

Russian meaning: 1 гореть, загораться 2 прижигать 3 варить, тушить

Modern Korean: put(h)- 1, t:ɨ- 2, č:i- 3

Middle Korean: pɨ̀th- 1, ptɨ́- 2, ptí- 3

Comments: Nam 173, 180, 275, KED 523, 846, 1528.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVdwV

Meaning: to burn

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *p`ŏ̀t`è

Kartvelian: *bidw-

Dravidian: *pot-

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *bidw-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: зажигать

English meaning: to light up

Georgian: bdw-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): spärlich brennen

Georgian meaning (Engl.): spärlich brennen

Svan: bd-, bid-

Notes and references: EWK 55. Ср. алт. *p`ot`e 'жечь'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pot-

Meaning : to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pot-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pot-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pot-

Meaning : to light (as fire); to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pottu (potti-)

Tamil meaning : to light (as a fire)

Kannada : pottu

Kannada meaning : to be kindled, catch fire, flame; be burnt (as rice, etc., at the bottom of the vessel), be boiled or baked too much; n. flaming

Kannada derivates : pottige flaming, flame

Tulu : pottuni

Tulu meaning : to burn (intr.)

Tulu derivates : pottāvuni, pottāḍruni to light, kindle, burn; potta hot, burning; potturuni, potruni to kindle, set fire, incite to a quarrel

Proto-Nilgiri : *pot-

Miscellaneous : KURU (LSB 1.12) potte a torch of leaves

Number in DED : 4517

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *pot-

Meaning : to light (as a fire)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : pot- (poty-)

Additional forms : Also Kota pot torch made of a bundle of thin sticks

Number in DED : 4517

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pot-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *pot-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *pot-

Meaning : to burn, blaze

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : pattānā

Muria Gondi : pat-/patt-

Maria Gondi : pot-

Yeotmal Gondi : pot-

Chindwara Gondi : patt-

Adilabad Gondi : pot-

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr, Gondi_Ph pacānā to make a bright light; Gondi_A (SR) potusānā to light

Number in DED : 4517

Number in CVOTGD : 2384

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVTV

Meaning : ashes, burn

Eurasiatic : *ṗVdwV; cf. also "Alt. "*p`i̯ŏt`e ( ~ -t-, *p`i̯ăt`u) 'light'

Afroasiatic : *buwuṭ-; cf. also Chad. *fVt- 'white', *fVtV(h)- 'sun'

Sino-Caucasian : *ṗHāṭV ( ~ b-)

Austric : PAA *pǝtiŋ 'ashes', PAN *budiŋ 'charcoal, carbon, soot'

Amerind (misc.) : *pet 'fire, burn' (R 265) [+ A K]; cf. also *poto 'moon; sun' (R 475) [+ A K], *pit ~ *put 'sun, day, light' (R 712) [+ A K]

Notes : Perhaps more than 1 root.

Reference : ND 262a *botV (Drav.-SH).

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *buwuṭ-

Meaning: burn; ash

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Egyptian: wbd 'burn' (mag)

Western Chadic: *buw(V)ṭ- 'ash'

Central Chadic: *bwut- 'ash'

East Chadic: *but- 'ash'

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: wbd (mag)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'burn'

Notes: Metathesis or a graphic representation of Proto-Eg *bud? -d < *-ṭ- is regular.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *buw(V)ṭ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ash'

Hausa: hábḍī̀ < *ha-bṭ- (voicing of -ṭ- in contact with -b-, pref. ha-/a- most probably marked derivatives )

Bolewa: bùtó [ShV]

Karekare: bǝ̀tó [ShV]

Dera=Kanakuru: búbùt [ShV]

Bele: bùtó [ShB]

Kifri=Giwo: bùtó [ShB]

Gera: bǝ̀ḍá [ShV]

Galambu: bǝ̀zá [ShB]

Geruma: bùtá [ShB]

Diri: butu [SkNB] < *buṭu (Ch*-t- mostly > -l-, -r-, y-)

Pa'a: bǝ̀ti-ki[MS]

Ngizim: bǝ́bǝ́ḍ

Notes: Partial reduplication in Dera and Ngizim (irregular ḍ) Note Ngamo kùtó [ShV] (< *kV-buto)

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *bwut-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ash'

Peve: bwut [Kr N 128]

Zime-Batna: bùt [CLR]

Masa: budu [CLR: 5]

Notes: C 12 *but [Sy: 48]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *but-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ash'

Somrai: dǝ̀-brı̂-ny [CLR: 5]

Tumak: dǝ̀-bǝ̀r [Cp]

Ndam: dǝ̀-bri-ny [CLR: 5]

Lele: tı̀-brè [Cp]

Dangla: bùtù [Fd]

Migama: bíttí [JMig]

Jegu: bút kɔ ʔɔɔk [CLR: 5]

Bidiya: bùtò [JBid]

Birgit: bùtì [CLR]

Notes: Medial -r-<*-t- is regular. cp. also Kera [Eb]kóráy (m.)(? < *k-wr- < *k-br-< *k-bt), Mobu (Jg) da-rwǝ́ (< da-rbV, met.), with the complete loss of the initial b-. cp. also a derivative in Mkk - bı̀tı́-kè `tison'. Assimilation of vowels in Mig.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṗHāṭV ( ~ b-)

Meaning: dirt

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *bHāṭV

Sino-Tibetan: *bŭt

Burushaski: *phétiŋ

Comments and references : [For Bur. cf. alternatively PEC *pidV, see DCE 19].

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bHāṭV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dirt, faeces

Proto-Nakh: *b(ɦ)eṭ (~-ē-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *baṭa (~ o)

Proto-Tsezian: *bǝṭi

Proto-Dargwa: *baIṭ-

Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIṭ

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. An expressive root - however, with quite satisfactory correspondences.

    In a few cases (cf. the root for "feather") labial initials get lost in Av. before a following laryngeal; if this is the case here, we could compare also Av. ħaṭ (gen. ħaṭú-l) "clay", Chad. ħaṭ (ħaṭí-l, ħaṭá-l) "dung".

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *b(ɦ)eṭ (~-ē-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: faeces

Ingush: bɛd (dial.)

Comments: Attested only in Ing., but having probable external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *baṭa (~ o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 faeces 2 cow dung

Andian language: ṭebṭel 2

Chamalal: baṭa 1

Comments: The And. form is a result of an irregular transformation of the reduplicated stem *bVṭV-ṭV- (cf. an analogous reduplication in Darg. Chir. baIṭbaIṭe and Ag. baIṭaṭaj). In Cham. cf. also (Gig.) baṭa-q̇:a 'dried snivel in nose' (with an obscure component -q̇:a).

    A non-reduplicated reflex of this root in Andian is possibly And. boṭi 'blind': for the semantics cf. the analogous development in Lezghian languages in the root *p:olq̇I (PEC *pHulq̇ɨ̆ 'dirt, secretion').

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bǝṭi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dried snivel in nose

Gunzib: bǝṭi

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *baIṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: diarrhea

Chiragh: baIṭbaIṭe

Comments: An expressive reduplication.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dirt 2 dry dung (of sheep)

Tabasaran: baṭur 1

Agul: baṭur 1 (Bursh)

Rutul: pɨṭar 2 (Kich)

Budukh: puṭ 2

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. baIṭur 'dirt', Ag. Bursh. (with reduplication) baIṭaṭaj "sheep's dung" (both forms point to PL pharyngealisation). Tab., Ag. and Rut. reflect a suffixed form with PL *-Vr (plural suffix). Initial p- in Rut. and Bud. is irregular: probably a result of assimilation.

    The vowel variation probably reflects the old Ablaut *p:aIṭ (dir. stem), *p:oIṭV- (obl. stem).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *bŭt

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dust, dirt

Chinese: � *b_ǝt dust tossed up into the air (cf. also 勃 *b_ǝ̄t powdery (of soil)).

Tibetan: bud a cloud of dust, every darkening of the air through dry matter.

Burmese: phut dust.

Kachin: ǝbut² dirt, trash.

Lushai: phut scurfy, floury, powdery.

Lepcha: fat earth

Comments: Bodo gǝ-bǝd dirt. Cf. also Jnp. šǝbat filth; Naga Mzieme mi-maŋ-bɨt, Kabui mbut 'ashes', Ao-Chungli mepet, Yimchungli yin-pɨ 'cloud'. Sh. 46.

Chinese characters :

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: fu

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Western Han Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Middle Chinese: büt

English meaning : dust tossed up into the air

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *phétiŋ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: ashes

Yasin: phétiŋ

Hunza: phétiŋ

Nagar: phétiŋ

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *diŋ

Meaning: ashes

Proto-Austroasiatic: PM *pǝtiŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: ashes

Proto-Austronesian: *budiŋ

Austronesian meaning: charcoal, carbon, soot

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *tVŋ

Meaning: ashes

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Khmer: kǝn.tǝŋ < OK kǝnteŋ E?

Proto-Monic: *tiŋ

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: kǝṇṭe:ŋ

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: kǝnteŋ

Old Khmer Meaning: clay

References: P70

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *tiŋ

Meaning: ashes

Presyllable: pǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: pateŋ

Nyakur: pǝtiń.L

Nyakur meaning: ashes

References: N227

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