Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ísi(KV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to break, cleave, peck

Russian meaning: ломать, раскалывать, долбить

Mongolian: *heske-

Tungus-Manchu: *pis(k)-

Korean: *pskɨ́r

Japanese: *písí, *pisi(n)k-

Comments: In Kor. cf. also psús-tōl 'whetstone', psɨ́- 'to rub', psùs- / psùč- 'to rub, to whet', psó- 'to sting; to shoot', pís 'comb'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *heske-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cut, shape, slice

Russian meaning: вырезать

Written Mongolian: eske- (L 334)

Middle Mongolian: iskä̆-, hečke- (MA), hǝčkǝ- (LH)

Khalkha: esge-, esxe-

Buriat: esxe-

Kalmuck: iškǝ-, išǝk-

Ordos: esχe-

Baoan: segǝ-

Dagur: xerkī- (Тод. Даг. 175), xerke-

Shary-Yoghur: hǝdge-

Comments: KW 211, MGCD 272. The S.-Yugh. form is a contamination of *heske and *etke- (see *ete-).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pis(k)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 crack 2 to prick (with a fish-fork) 3 to split 4 to prick, incise 5 to tear 6 to be torn

Russian meaning: 1 трещина 2 колоть (острогой) 3 трескаться 4 прокалывать 5 рвать 6 (быть) разодранным

Evenki: hismat- 4

Even: hịsqān- 3

Negidal: xịskan 1, xịsmịkịt- 2

Literary Manchu: pes seme 6 (borrowed < South. Tung. or with expressive p-?)

Orok: pesitči- 5

Comments: ТМС 2, 48, 328.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pskɨ́r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: chisel

Russian meaning: долото

Modern Korean: k:ɨl

Middle Korean: pskɨ́r

Comments: Nam 74, KED 247.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *písí, *pisi(n)k-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 fish-fork 2 to break up

Russian meaning: 1 двузубые вилы, острога 2 разбивать, раздавливать

Middle Japanese: físí 1, físíg- 2

Tokyo: hishi 1, hishíg- 2

Kyoto: híshíg- 2

Kagoshima: hìshìg- 2

Comments: JLTT 690. In *pisi(n)k- RJ has high tone, but all modern dialects point rather to *pìsì(n)k-.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVšV

Meaning: to rub, crumble

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: Hitt. pes- 'rub, scrub'

Altaic: *p`ísi(KV)

Kartvelian: *pšw-en- / pšwn-

Dravidian: *pū[c]-

Comments: Cf. *pV[z]V

References: ND 1816 *P_ušV 'to rub, smear' (+ Akk.).; 1819 *ṗ[äy]ŝ[i] ~ *ṗiŝ[i] 'to crush, break to pieces' (+IE *peis-, see *pi(u)č̣V).

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *pšw-en- / pšwn-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: кpошить, pыхлить

English meaning: to mince, crumble

Georgian: pšv(en)-

Svan: puršgwīn

Svan meaning (Rus.): кpошить, pыхлить

Svan meaning (Eng.): to mince, crumble

Notes and references: Кл, EWK 366. (Ср. *bez-).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pū[c]-

Meaning : to smear, rub

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pūc-

Proto-Telugu : *pū-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pūc-

Meaning : to smear

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pūcu (pūci-)

Tamil meaning : to besmear, anoint, rub, daub on, plaster, scrub the floor with cowdung dissolved in water, clean, wash; n. daubing, smearing

Tamil derivates : pūccu daubing, smearing, coating, gilding, plastering

Malayalam : pūcuka, pūśuka

Malayalam meaning : to smear, daub, rub, whitewash, plaster, gild

Malayalam derivates : pūcal, pūccu smearing, daub, coating

Kannada : pūsu

Kannada meaning : to smear, daub, apply, anoint, plaster; n. act of smearing, etc.; oil for smearing on the body

Kannada derivates : pūsuvike smearing, etc.

Tulu : pūjuni

Tulu meaning : to smear, rub, daub, apply

Number in DED : 4352

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *pū-

Meaning : to smear, rub, daub, apply

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : pūyu

Additional forms : Also pū̃ta smearing

Number in DED : 4352

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVCV

Meaning : to break, crumble

Eurasiatic : *ṗVSV

Afroasiatic : *pac- (?*pas-, see ND) (cf. also *pVšχ- 'arrow, spear' - Akk., Chad., see ND 1817)

Reference : ND 1819.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pac-

Meaning: destroy, break

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *pVs- 'destroy, break'

Western Chadic: *pVc/s- 'render into small pieces'

Central Chadic: *pwas- ~ *papas-'divide smth hard' 1, 'crumble, break in small pieces' 2 , 'destroy'3

East Chadic: *paS- 'break' 1, 'break stick' 2

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1848

Proto-Semitic: *pVs-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'destroy, break'

Akkadian: pasāsu

Mandaic Aramaic: pss

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *pVc/s-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'render into small pieces'

Ngizim: pǝ̀-psú ]SčhN]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *pwas- ~ *papas-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'divide smth hard' 1, 'crumble, break in small pieces' 2 , 'destroy'3

Bura: pwasi 1 [Ann] ]

Glavda: páš-pàša 3 [Rp]

Mofu-Gudur: -pá-pǝs- 2 [BMof]

Daba: pās 3 [Lnhr] (detruire )

Notes: Cp. Gude puši 'breaking of a fallibg object' [Hs]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *paS-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'break' 1, 'break stick' 2

Tumak: pàǯ 1 [Cp]

Ndam: pǝǯã 2 [[JDik]

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