Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ḗta

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to step, walk

Russian meaning: шагать, ходить

Turkic: *āt-

Mongolian: *(h)ada-

Tungus-Manchu: *pete-

Comments: KW 1, АПиПЯЯ 15, 71, 280 (with an erroneous Jpn. match, see *ā̀ja). A Western isogloss.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *āt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to step 2 to walk 3 step (n.)

Russian meaning: 1 шагать 2 ходить 3 шаг

Turkish: adɨm 3, adɨm at-, Osm. ad- 1

Tatar: atla- 1, adɨm 3, atɨ 'step'

Middle Turkic: adɨm (Pav. C.) 3

Uzbek: ɔdim, dial. adɨm 3

Uighur: atli- 1

Azerbaidzhan: adɨm at- 1, adɨm 3

Turkmen: dial. āt-, ǟt-, ǟt-le- 1, ǟdim, dial. ādɨm 3

Khakassian: alta- 1, atɨx- 'to jump'

Oyrat: alta- 1 (< atla-)

Chuvash: odъm 3, ot- 2

Yakut: atɨllā- 1

Dolgan: atɨllā- 'to jump, hop'

Kirghiz: atta- 1, adɨm 3

Kazakh: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Noghai: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Bashkir: atla- 1, aδɨm 3

Balkar: atla- 1

Karaim: adɨm 3

Karakalpak: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Salar: a'tla- 2

Comments: VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 88-89, 322, Федотов 2, 293-294, Stachowski 39.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ada-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hurry 2 hurried walking

Russian meaning: 1 спешить 2 быстрый шаг

Written Mongolian: adaɣa- 1 (L 9), adam 2 (L 10)

Khalkha: adga- 1

Kalmuck: adɣǝ-1, adm 2

Comments: KW 1.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pete-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to run quickly, hurry 2 to jump (away, off)

Russian meaning: 1 бежать, мчаться 2 прыгать, отпрыгивать

Evenki: hetekēn- 2

Even: heteken- 1

Negidal: xetexen- 2

Literary Manchu: finte- 2

Ulcha: peten- 2

Orok: potčo- 2

Nanai: petēn- 2

Oroch: xete- 2

Udighe: xetigen-e- 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 372.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗeṭV

Meaning: to fall, (down)

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *pet-, *ped- (+ 1985)

Altaic: *p`et`a (cf. also *p`ḗta 1756, *p`ắt`à(-kV) 1719)

Uralic: ObU *pät(t)V- 'fall' (if kept separate from *pitV 'hold')

Dravidian: *paḍ- (+ *pād_- 1149)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *pet 'bottom'

Comments: [Cf. also PA *p`ā̀t`à 'strike, hit', PK *petk- 779; Drav. *pàḍ- 'battle, army'; see notes to *pVltV].

References: ОСНЯ 3, 84-88 (2 roots?); ND 1822 *ṗätV 'to fall', 1823 *ṗEtV 'to pass, go out'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *peto-, *ptō-; *pAd- / *ped-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to fall

Old Indian: 1) OInd pátati `to fall, sink' 2) OInd padyate `to fall, fall down, perish'

Avestan: inf. ačapastōiš ` hinabzufallen'; tāta- (*ptāta-) `fallend (vom Regen)'; 2) paiδyeiti `bewegt sich nach abwärts, gerät herab, hinein, hinzu, legt sich nieder'

Old Greek: pī́ptō, pitnō̂ (Hdn.), ft. ep., ion. peséomai̯, att. pesọ̄̂mai̯, aor. dor., aeol. petẹ̄̂n, épeton, pesẹ̄̂n, épeson, peson; pf. péptōka, ptc. pepteō̂tas, pept[ē]ṓs `fallen, herabfallen, hinsinken, ausfallen'; a-ptṓs (Pind.), a-ptēs (inschr.) `nicht fallend'; eu̯-petḗs `bequem, günstig'; pésos n. `Leiche', pótmo-s m. `das (fallende) Los, Geschick, Tod(eslos)', ptō̂ma n. `Fall, Sturz, das Gefallene, die Leiche', ptō̂si-s f. `Fall, Fall des Würfels'

Slavic: *pástī, *pádǭ

Baltic: *pet- vb. intr.

Germanic: *fit-a- vb.; ? *fat-ō- vb.

Latin: petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum `zu erreichen suchen, eilen, streben; erbitten, fordern; sich bewerben, verlangen, anklagen; aufsuchen; angreifen; herbeiholen'; petulāns `darauf losgehend, mutwillig', petulcus, -a `mit den Hörnern stossend', impetus, -ūs m. `Andrang, Anprall, Angriff; Ungestüm; Drang, plötzlicher Entschluss', pessum `zu Boden, zugrunde (richten, gehen usw.)'

Russ. meaning: падать

References: WP II 19 f

Comments: *peta- and *peto- are confused in Indoar. and Latin.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *pet- vb. intr.

Meaning: emaciate

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: pèsti (peñta, pẽtō) 'sich erschöpfen, abmatten'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *fitan- vb.; ? *fatōn- vb.

Meaning: fall

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: ? feta st.: feta leiδ `den Weg finden'; fata wk. `den Weg finden'

Swedish: ? dial. fjäta

Old English: *fetan: prt. pl. gefētan st. V. `fallen'; fatian wif `heiraten (*ein Weib heimführen)'

Old High German: { *feʒʒan: prt. gefaʒ `fallen' }

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *paṬ-

Meaning : 1 to fall 2 to lie down

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *paḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *paḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *paḍ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *paṭ- (?)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *paḍ-

Meaning : to die; to fall

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : paṭu (paṭuv-, paṭṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to perish, die, set (as a heavenly body), rain

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to lay horizontally, pave, spread out (as bedding), kill, cast down, fell; lie down to sleep or otherwise, roost (as birds); adj. base, low; paṭu-ñāyir_u setting sun; paṭukkai lying down, bed; paṭai bed; layer, stratum; pāṭu lying prostrate, fall, sleep, death, ruin, loss, disaster; pāṭai bier; pāṭṭam shower of rain

Malayalam : paṭuka (paṭṭ-)

Malayalam meaning : to fall, sink

Malayalam derivates : paṭukka to lay stones, build (chiefly a well, tank); piss; lie down; n. bed; paṭa layer in mud walls, course of bricks; paṭavu laying stones, pavement; paṭuppu, paṭappu bed, mat; paṭiññār_u west; pāṭu falling, falling into one's power; peṭuka (peṭṭ-) to fall, get into or under; peṭukka to piss

Kannada : paḍu (paṭṭ-)

Kannada meaning : to lie down, set (as the sun), be spent (as the day), have sexual intercourse, die; n. setting, the west, dying

Kannada derivates : paḍu-nēsar_ the setting sun; paḍuva, paḍaval, paḍuval, paḍuvu the west; paḍal lying or falling down; pāṭu falling, a fall, a declining state, ebb of the tide; pāṭi downfall, ruin

Kodagu : paḍ- (paḍuv-, paṭṭ-)

Kodagu meaning : to lie fallow

Kodagu derivates : paḍɨt- (paḍɨti-) to let lie fallow, (Kar. also) send (child) to sleep; paḍɨ-būmi fallow land; paḍi-ñārɨ west

Tulu : paḍa

Tulu meaning : placing or laying

Tulu derivates : paḍḍā̆yi the west

Proto-Nilgiri : *paḍ-

Notes : Tamil, Kan. pāṭu could point to an original *pāṭ- for this root.

Number in DED : 3852

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *paḍ-

Meaning : to lie down

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : paṛ- (paṭ-) "to lie down, sleep"

Toda : poṛ- (poṭ-) "to lie down; lose (teeth; of children)"

Additional forms : Also Kota paṛc- (paṛc-) to make to lie, lay; Toda poṛy sleeping-place (in song)

Number in DED : 3852

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *paḍ-

Meaning : to fall, lie, recline, sleep

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : paḍu

Additional forms : Also paḍamara the west; paḍuka bed, bedding; [1] par_ucu, [2] par_acu, (K also) parcu to cause to fall; par_upu id., throw down; n. mattress, bed, bedding; pāḍe bier; pāṭu a fall, ebb of the tide

Number in DED : 3852

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *paḍ-

Meaning : to fall

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : parteng "(Pat.) to catch (in a trap)"

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : bollā paḍ- "to be on one's back"

Naikri : paṛ- (paṭṭ-)

Naiki : paḍ-/paṛ- (paṭṭ-)

Parji : paḍ- (paṭṭ-) "to fall, sink down, (sun) sets"

Ollari Gadba : par-

Salur Gadba : par- (paṭ-)

Additional forms : Also (?) Kolami_SR pār- to fall; Naikri parp- to make to fall; part- to fell (a tree); Naiki payip-/payp- to make to fall, demolish

Number in DED : 3852

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *paṭ-

Meaning : to lie down

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *paṭ-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *paṭ-

Meaning : to lie down; to crouch

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : paṭṭānā "to sit, crouch (of men or animals), (buffaloes) to wallow"

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : paṭṭīnā "to lie down (of animals)"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : paṭṭānā, poṭṭānā "to lie down (of animals)"

Adilabad Gondi : paṭṭ- "to lie down"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_A (SR) paṭṭānā to rest (of cattle); Gondi_A (Su.) pharāyīŋ west

Number in DED : 3852

Number in CVOTGD : 2087

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *pet

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): дно, пах, исподняя часть

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *pet- (~ -a-)

Proto-Itelmen: *pet

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *pet- (~ -a-)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): паховая часть: отверстие мочеиспускательного канала

Chukchee: lolo-pát-ɣǝrɣǝ-n

Comments: Первая часть *lolo- 'penis' (1790), последняя часть *-ɣъrŋъ-n - 'отверстие' (18). Ср. *pạckị- 'бедро' (1026). Ср. чук. pátɣǝrɣǝ-n 'дыра' (2133).

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *pet

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): дно, исподняя часть

Itelmen meaning: дно (лодки, посуды)

West Itelmen: pǝt

West Itelmen meaning: pars postica braccae

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): tylna część spodni

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVTV

Meaning : to fall

Eurasiatic : *ṗeṭV

Afroasiatic : *ḥVpid- 'go' 617, *pi/ut-'go, walk' 619, *fat-/*fit- 'move' 709

Sino-Caucasian : ? *pVṭV ( ~ ṗ-, -d-)

Reference : ND 1822

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *fat-/*fit-

Meaning: move

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *pVwVt- 'pass, go (of time)'

Berber: *fVt- 'walk' 1, 'pass (of time)' 2, 'having passed' 3

Western Chadic: *fut-/*fit- 'go out' 1, 'come' 2

Central Chadic: Musgu fiti 'road' [Luk]

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *fat-/*fit- 'go away'

South Cushitic: *fit- 'drive, run after'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 401

Proto-Semitic: *pVwVt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pass, go (of time)'

Arabic: fwt [-u-]

Notes: Modification of the original biliteral structure *pat-.

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *fVt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'walk' 1, 'pass' 2, 'having passed' 3

Semlal: i-ftu 1

Izayan: fat_ 2

Menasser: i-fut_-ǝn 3

Notes: Izy and Mns may be loanwords from Arab.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *fut-/*fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 1 'go out', 2 'come'

Hausa: fítà 1

Wangday: fut 2 [?]

Daffo-Butura: fût- 1 [?]

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *fat-/*fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'go away'

Bilin: far

Khamta: fit-

Awiya (Aungi): fat-

Notes: Bil -r- < *-t- occurs in a number of Agaw forms.

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *fit-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'drive, run after'

Iraqw (Mbulu): fiit

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pVṭV ( ~ ṗ-, -d-)

Meaning: to remove

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *P(r)ŏt (~-ɨa-,-ua-)

Burushaski: *phat

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *P(r)ŏt (~-ɨa-,-ua-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cast, remove

Chinese: 廢 *pats cast aside, remove, 發 *pat throw out, send forth; start, go out etc.

Burmese: prut be removed, separated.

Comments: Kham pǝt gunshot. Cf. also Tib. (Schm.) bjod-pa Fortgang, Fortschritt; sbrad, sbrod deliver, ãphrod be delivered. ? Cf. perhaps Gangte, Tiddim pet 'bite' (for semantics cf. Tib. rgjag, rgjab 'throw' - so rgjag, rgjab 'bite').

Chinese characters :

Character: 廢

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pats

Classic Old Chinese: pać

Western Han Chinese: paś

Eastern Han Chinese: pwaś

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwaś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ̀j

Middle Chinese: pwǝ̀j

English meaning : to remove, reject, disregard, neglect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) упразднить, аннулировать; отменить; денонсировать; низложить; отставить; 2) забросить, запустить; 3) изъять (из употребления); исключить (из списков); отбросить, отказаться от...; 4) приходить в негодность; ненужный, бесполезный; негодный; бракованный; 5) увечье; увечный; инвалид; 6) тратить зря; портить

Comments: Also read *pat, *pat-s, MC pwǝt, pwǝ̀j '(perhaps:) great'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 6142

Karlgren code: 0275 f

Vietnamese reading: phế

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1971

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 廢

MC description : 蟹合三去廢非

ZIHUI: 1683 1164

Beijing: fei 3

Jinan: fei 3

Xi'an: fei 3

Taiyuan: fei 3

Hankou: fei 3

Chengdu: fei 3

Yangzhou: fǝi 3

Suzhou: fi 31

Wenzhou: fei 31

Changsha: fei 31

Shuangfeng: xui 31

Nanchang: фui 31

Meixian: fi 3

Guangzhou: fai 31

Xiamen: hue 31

Chaozhou: hui 31

Fuzhou: xie 31

Shanghai: fi 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: fei 3

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *phat

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to let off, let loose

Yasin: phat

Hunza: phat

Nagar: phat

Comments: Sh. phat

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