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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pŏ̀k`è ( ~ -k-)
Meaning: to dig, cut off; a cutting instrument
Russian meaning: копать, отрезать; режущий инструмент
altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bügde ( ~ -ö-)
Meaning: dagger
Russian meaning: кинжал
Old Turkic: bü/ögde (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: bü/ögde (MK, KB) Comments: EDT 325, TMN 2, 294-295, Лексика 566. Turk. > Pers. bogda 'big knife'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *hoktal-
Meaning: 1 to chop, cut off 2 to be broken off
Russian meaning: 1 отрубать, отрезать 2 отламываться
Written Mongolian: oɣtal-, oɣtul- (L 602) 1, oɣčira- (L 601: oɣčura-) 2 Middle Mongolian: xoxtol- (SH), uqtal- (MA), hotqal- (LH) 1 Khalkha: ogtlo- 1, ogcro- 2
Buriat: otol- 1
Ordos: ogtol- 1
Dongxian: otolu-
Baoan: hdolǝ-
Comments: Mong. > Manchu oktala- 'to cut off the nose (an ancient punishment)' (see Rozycki 167). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *poK-
Meaning: 1 to pound, crush, mince 2 to break
Russian meaning: 1 толочь, размельчать 2 ломать
Evenki: hoko- 2
Even: hokak- 2
Orok: poqpụ- 1
Nanai: poqpị- 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 40, 330-331. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pǝ̀kǝ̀
Meaning: pole-axe, battle-axe, halberd
Russian meaning: алебарда
Old Japanese: p(w)oko
Middle Japanese: fòkò
Tokyo: hóko
Kyoto: hókò
Kagoshima: hóko
Comments: JLTT 413. Accent in both Tokyo and Kagoshima is irregular, suggesting a loan from the Kyoto area. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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