Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *pĕ́rV
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: gland, callus
Russian meaning: железа, мозоль
Turkic: *ber
Mongolian: *ber-seɣü
Tungus-Manchu: *peri
Comments: KW 43. A Western isogloss. For Turkic cf. alternatively Mong. marma- 'be covered with scars' (cf. traces of nasalization in Turkic languages).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *ber
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: swelling, gland
Russian meaning: железа, желвак
Turkmen: berč
Khakassian: mir
Chuvash: par
Yakut: bert / berge
Kazakh: berišek 'thick pus' (R)
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-kaz,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *ber-seɣü
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: callus, hard growth
Russian meaning: мозоль, твердый нарост
Written Mongolian: bersegüü (L 100)
Khalkha: bersǖ
Buriat: ber 'bump'
Kalmuck: bersǖ
Ordos: bersǖ
Comments: KW 43.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *peri
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: abrasion, chafe (on horse's back)
Russian meaning: ссадина, стертая кожа на спине лошади
Literary Manchu: feri
Comments: ТМС 2, 305. Attested only in Manchu, with possible external parallels.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *perV
Meaning: skin
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *pi̯óro(-k`V) ( ~ -i̯u-) (also *pĕ́rV)
Uralic: *perV
Dravidian: *PIr- (cf. also *por- 1984, *par- 1982)
References: МССНЯ 344, ОСНЯ 3, 78-79, Tyler 127; ND 1782 *P_er[w]V 'skin, hide, bark'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 762
Proto: *perV
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: skin, bark
German meaning: Haut, Rinde
Khanty (Ostyak): pĕr (Vj.) 'rötliche Haut auf der Innenseite der Birkenrinde'
Hungarian: bőr 'Haut, Fell, Leder; dial. Weidenbast'
Nenets (Yurak): pīrʔ (O) 'rote innere Rinde der Birke, Rinde des Brotes, Deckel des Buches'
Sammalahti's version: *peri
Addenda: Koib. pere 'Rinde'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-khn,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *PIr-
Meaning : skin, bark
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *pIr-
Proto-Telugu : *beraḍ-
Notes : ? Kurukh cayā̃-perē 'snake's old skin'
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-notes,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *pIr-
Meaning : skin; to peel
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kannada : pere
Kannada meaning : skin or slough of a serpent
Kannada derivates : here to scrape, shave; (Gowda) hermaṇe grater, scraper
Tulu : perevuni
Tulu meaning : to be peeled, scraped
Tulu derivates : perepini to grate, scrape; pereḍuni to scrape, shave; peradanè, peramaṇè grater, scraper; piresuni to peel, scrape, pare off
Number in DED : 4417
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Telugu etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *beraḍ-
Meaning : bark, rind, shell
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : beraḍu
Additional forms : Also baraḍu bark of a tree
Number in DED : 4417
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : skin
Eurasiatic : *perV
Afroasiatic : *pu/ar-
Reference : МССНЯ 344.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Afroasiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pu/ar-
Meaning: bark, skin
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *parw- ~ *parr- 'skin' 1, 'fur' 2, 'shell, husk' 3
Berber: *-fur- 'skin disease' 1, 'bark' 2
Western Chadic: *fu/ar- 'bark' 1, 'skin of the monkey nuts' 2, 'skin or pod of the fruit of the locust tree ' 3
Central Chadic: *pi/ar- 'to peel' 1, 'skin with a hoe' 2
East Chadic: *pir- 'to shell' 1, 'bark'2
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,

Search within this database


Semitic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 2179
Proto-Semitic: *parw- ~ *parr-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: skin, fur, husk, etc.
Akkadian: pāru, parru, bāru 'Haut' SB on [AHw 836].

    According to Soden, a SUM loanword [ibid.] (cf. SUM bar 'Fell, Haut; Schale; Schuppe' [IK 112-13]), which is hardly so in view of SEM cognates

Hebrew: parwā 'fur'
Syrian Aramaic: partā (pl. parrē) 'furfur; folliculus, gluma (seminis); squama capitis' [Brock 591]
Arabic: farwat- 'peau de la tête' [BK 2 588]; farw- 'pelisse, vêtement doublé de fourrure' [ibid.]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): farra 'to shell, husk' [LGz 166]
Tigre: (?) färwät 'sheepskin coat' [LH 658]; rather an Arabism
Notes: Note various strategies of triconsonantizing: doubling of the second radical in AKK (parru), SYR and GEZ, and adding -w as a third radical in ARB (and TGR unless an Arabism).

    In GEZ, only a derived verb retained

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-notes,

Search within this database


Berber etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Berber: *fur-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'skin disease' 1 , 'bark' 2
Ghadames: ti-fra 2
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ta-fūre 1
Zenaga: ta-ffrāh 1
Semlal: ta-fūri 1
Ntifa: ta-fura
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ghd,brbet-ahg,brbet-zng,brbet-sml,brbet-ntf,

Search within this database


West Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-WChadic: *fu/ar-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'bark' 1, 'skin of the monkey nuts' 2, 'skin or pod of the fruit of the locust tree ' 3
Hausa: fúurúu, húurúu 2
Tangale: paara 3 [JgT]
Diri: fùfûr 1 [SkNb] (<*furfur-)
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-tng,wchet-dir,

Search within this database


Central Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-CChadic: *pi/ar-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'to peel' 1, 'skin with a hoe' 2
Mbara: pírí [TMba]
Zime-Batna: pár 1 [Sa]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mba,cchet-zbt,

Search within this database


East Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-EChadic: *pir-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'to shell' 1, 'bark'2
Migama: píráw 1, púr-dè 2 JgM
Bidiya: pir JgB
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mig,echet-bid,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5431811402368
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov