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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pḗk`ò ( ~ b-)
Meaning: to wish, plan
Russian meaning: желать, намереваться
Comments: Cf. *bằka which could have influenced some of the reflexes (in particular, the accentological irregularity of Jpn. *pàkàr- may be explained by a secondary analogy with *bàkàr-). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bẹ̄ken-
Meaning: 1 to feel joy, appreciate 2 to strive, hope
Russian meaning: 1 радоваться, быть благодарным 2 стремиться, надеяться
Karakhanid: biken- 1
Turkish: beɣen- 1
Azerbaidzhan: bäjän- 1
Turkmen: begen- 1
Chuvash: pigen- 2
Kirghiz: bekǖ 'big joy, feast'
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *baka-
Meaning: to covet, wish
Russian meaning: желать, желание, стремление
Written Mongolian: baqa-, baqa (n.) (L 92) Khalkha: bax (n.)
Buriat: baxa-
Kalmuck: baxǝ (n.)
Ordos: baxa 'satisfaction'
Monguor: baGa-, paGa- 'atteindre, combattre' (SM 18, 301) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pàkàr-
Meaning: to plan, decide, measure
Russian meaning: планировать, решать, измерять
Old Japanese: pakar-
Middle Japanese: fàkàr-
Tokyo: hakár-
Kyoto: hákár-
Kagoshima: hàkàr-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *peḳV
Meaning: to think, look
References: ND 1684 *ṗ[E]ḲyV 'to track, follow the tracks' (IE + diff. Alt. + Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(s)pek'-
Meaning: to look
Tokharian: A, B päk- (PT *päk-) 'intend, want' (Adams 368); A, B spaktāṃ 'service' (714)
Old Indian: páśyati, pf. paspaśe, aor. áspaṣṭa, caus. spāśáyate, ptc. spaṣtá- `to see, behold'; spáś- m. `watcher, spy', spaśa- id.
Avestan: spasyeiti `späht' spas `Späher', spaštar- id., spasan- `hinspähend auf'
Old Greek: sképtomai̯, aor. sképsasthai̯, ps. skephthē̂nai̯, skepē̂nai̯, pf. md. éskemmai̯ `umherschauen, sich umsehen, spähen, betrachten, erwägen, prüfen', skopó-s m., f. `Späher, Wächter, Kundschafter'; skopó-s m. `Ziel, Zweck', skopiǟ́ f. `Berg-, Burgwarte, Berggipfel, Wachtturm'; skopǟ́ `Warte', sképsi-s f. `Betrachtung, Überlegung, Untersuchung', skémma `Untersuchyng, Problem'; iter.-intens. skopéō, -éomai̯
Latin: speciō, -ere, spexī, -ctum `sehen', spectāre `schauen, betrachten, prüfen, ins Auge fassen, hinschauen', specimen n. `Probe; Muster'; spectrum n. `Bild in der Seele, Vorstellung', speciēs, -ēī f. `Ausschauen, Erscheinung, Bild, Aussehen, Gestalt, Schein, Vorstellung, Begriff, Art', au-, haru-spex; specus, -ūs m./specus, -ī f. `Höhle, Grotte, Vertiefung'
Russ. meaning: смотреть
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *spáxōn- vb., *spḗxōn- vb., *spixōn-, *spíxō(n), *spḗx(i)a-, *spḗxō
Meaning: observe
Old Norse: spā f. `Prophezeiung'; spā wk. `prophezeien'; spā-r `prophetisch'
Norwegian: spɔ-; spɔ v.
Swedish: spa-; spɔ v.
Danish: spɔ-; spɔ v.
Old Saxon: spāhi `klug, geschickt'
Middle Dutch: spien, spieden `spieden, vorsen'
Dutch: spieden
Middle Low German: spē(g)en, spēn
Old High German: spehōn (11.Jh.) `spähen', spiohōn (9.Jh.); speha f. `prüfendes, aufmerksames Betrachten, Untersuchung, Auskundschaftung, Aufpassen'; spāhi `klug, geschickt'
Middle High German: spëhen wk. 'suchend oder kundschaftend, beurteilend oder wählend schauen, betrachten'; spëhe st. f. 'prüfendes, aufmerksames betrachten' { spǟhe }
German: spähen
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1827
Root: spek̂-
English meaning: to watch
German meaning: `spähen, scharf hinsehen'
Derivatives: spek̂-s, spek̂-ōn-, spek̂-tor- `Späher', spek̂-to- `erspäht', spok̂-o-s `Späher'
Material: Ai. spáśati (Dhātup.), páśyati `sieht', Partiz. spaṣṭá- (= av. spašta-, lat. spectus), spáṭ `Späher' (= av. spas, lat. au-, haru-spex), spáśa- ds. (: gr. σκοπός), av. spasyeiti `späht' (= lat. speciō, gr. σκέπτομαι), spas `Späher', spaštar- ds. (= lat. -spector, umb. spetur-e), spasan- `hinspähend auf' (= ahd. speho `Späher'); arm. spasem `ich erwarte' ist iran. Lw.; gr. σκέπτομαι `schaue' (σκεπ- umgestellt aus *spek-); σκοπός `Späher; Ziel', σκοπει̃ν `beobachten, zielen, untersuchen', σκοπή, σκοπιά: `Warte', σκέψις `Betrachtung'; alb. pashë `ich sah' (*[s]pok̂-s-?);
lat. speciō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `sehen' (con-spiciō usw.), spectō, -āre `anschauen', speciēs `Anblick, Ansehen, Aussehen, Erscheinung', au-, haru-spex; specus, -ūs `Höhle', speculum `Spiegel', speculor, -ārī `spähen'; umbr. speture `spectōrī', speturie `spectōriae';
ahd. spehōn `spähen', dazu speha f. `aufmerksames Betrachten, Untersuchung, Auskundschaftung, Aufpassen'; aisl. spā `Wahrsagung' (*spahō : gr. σκοπή? doch weist spā- auf Wurzelbetonung und ist postverbalen Ursprungs verdächtig, s. Wissmann Nom. postv. 1, 41); spā `wahrsagen' (*spahōn, s. Wissmann a. a. O. 1, 110), spār `wahrsagend, prophetisch' (*spaha-s); as. ahd. spāhi `klug, geschickt'.
References: WP. II 659 f., WH. II 570 f.;
See also: vgl. speĝ- `hinsehen'.
Pages: 984
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-seealso,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *paqna-(ɣ-)
Meaning: reserve, to prepare to start
Russian meaning: запас, готовиться
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 250
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *paqna-nt
Meaning: reserve
Russian Meaning: запас
Chaplino: paqnán
Naukan: paqnán
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *paqna-(ɣ-)
Meaning: to get ready (to start, go) 1, ammunition 2
Russian meaning: быть готовым (начать) 1, запас, обеспечение 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: paqnak- 1
SPI Dialects: Imaq paʔqnāqtoq 1, paʔqnāʁɨɣa 'to prepare', paʔqnáûn 2
North Alaskan Inupik: paʁna- 1, paʁnan 2
NAI Dialects: Mal paqna- 1, Nu paqnatit pl. 2
Western Canadian Inupik: paʁnak 'reserve, store of food'
WCI Dialects: paʁnak- 1 [Ras.]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: paʁna(k)- 1, paʁnasima- 'to be ready'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 250
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ced,
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