Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ṓŕì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: middle, inside

Russian meaning: середина, внутренность

Turkic: *ȫŕ

Mongolian: *örü

Tungus-Manchu: *uri

Japanese: *útì

Comments: EAS 112, KW 298, Poppe 81, АПиПЯЯ 74, Лексика 90. Despite TMN 2, 146, not borrowed in Mong. < Turk. Cf. *ŏ̀rù.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ȫŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: inside, the essential part

Russian meaning: середина, внутренность, сущность

Old Turkic: öz (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: öz (MK)

Turkish: öz

Tatar: üz

Middle Turkic: öz (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ọz

Uighur: öz

Sary-Yughur: üz

Azerbaidzhan: öz

Turkmen: ȫz 'self'

Oyrat: üs

Halaj: ẹ̄̂z

Chuvash: var

Yakut: üös

Dolgan: üös

Kirghiz: öz

Kazakh: öz

Noghai: öz

Bashkir: üδ

Gagauz: jöz

Karaim: öz

Karakalpak: öz

Kumyk: öz

Comments: EDT 278, VEWT 376-7, ЭСТЯ 1, 506-512, Лексика 90, 117, Stachowski 252. The word and its derivatives have a wide scope of meanings: 'middle' > 'heartwood, central crossbeam, pole' (*ȫŕek).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *örü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: inside, breast

Russian meaning: внутренность, грудь

Written Mongolian: örü (L 643)

Middle Mongolian: oro (HY 46), ore (SH)

Khalkha: ör

Buriat: üre

Kalmuck: örǝ

Ordos: örö, ör

Dagur: erecū 'chest, bosom, breast' (MD 145)

Mogol: ZM ourä 'heart, mind' (4-4a)

Comments: KW 298.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *uri

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 stomach, belly 2 breast collar 3 inner fat 4 maw 5 upper layer of yukola

Russian meaning: 1 живот, желудок 2 нагрудник 3 внутренний жир 4 сычуг 5 верхний слой юколы

Evenki: ur, uri-gde 1; uri-ptun 2; orik 4

Even: ur 1, orъqъn 3

Negidal: uji-pun 2

Ulcha: uru-ptu(n) 2

Orok: uritte 'fish belly'

Nanai: orịχta 5

Solon: orxĩ 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 23, 24, 30, 281. Evk. > Dolg. örögö(tö) 'fish belly' (Stachowski 200).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *útì

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: middle, inside

Russian meaning: середина, внутренность

Old Japanese: uti

Middle Japanese: útì

Tokyo: ùchi

Kyoto: úchí

Kagoshima: úchi

Comments: JLTT 565. The Kyoto and Tokyo forms point to a variant *útí.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *oŕV

Meaning: guts, inside

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *orǝw-

Altaic: *ṓŕì

Dravidian: *īr- (?)

References: ND 75 *ʔir[Eʔ]u 'intestines' (Drav.-IE).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *arw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: stomach, guts

Armenian: orovain `Bauch, Wanst, Mutterleib'

Old Greek: orǘǟ f. `Darm'

Latin: arvīna f. `Schmer, Speck, bes. um die Eingeweide'

Russ. meaning: живот, кишки

References: WP I 182

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 120

Root: aru̯ā

English meaning: intestines

German meaning: `Darm'?

Material: Gr. ὀρύᾱ f. `Darm', lat. arvīna f. `Schmer, Fett, Speck', ursprüngl. `Darmfett'? (vgl. ahd. mitta-garni `das in der Mitte der Gedärme liegende Fett'); ἀρβίννη κρέας. Σικελοί Hes. ist lat. Lw.

References: WP. I 182, II 353, WH. I 71.

Pages: 68

PIE database: PIE database

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *īr- (?)

Meaning : liver

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *īr-

Notes : A good SDR root.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *īr-

Meaning : liver

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : īral, īruḷ

Tamil meaning : internal organ of the body, as liver or spleen

Malayalam : īral

Malayalam meaning : liver

Kannada : hīri

Kannada meaning : (Ziegler) liver

Proto-Nilgiri : *īruv

Miscellaneous : IRU īralu, īrvo liver; ALKU (one dial.) īruvu liver

Number in DED : 0546

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *īruv

Meaning : liver

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : īruv

Toda : ǖruf

Number in DED : 546

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVRLV

Meaning : intestines

Eurasiatic : *oŕV

Afroasiatic : *ʔVr(Vr)-

Sino-Caucasian : *=ɨ̄́r(a)ŁV stomach, belly

Austric : PAN *lu:j / *lɛj abdomen, stomach, MY *plVw heart

Reference : ND 75.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔVr(Vr)-

Meaning: chest; stomach

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʔir-at- 'chest, breast'

Berber: *Harur- 'chest'

Central Chadic: (?) *ʔarw- 'chest'

East Chadic: (?) *ʔurr- 'navel'

Low East Cushitic: *ʔur- 'stomach' 1, 'belly, abdomen' 2

High East Cushitic: *ʔir- 'stomach'

Mogogodo (Yaaku): irêh 'belly'

Notes: Cf. [HSED, 144] comparing Akk., Ugr., Somali and Chad. (without Padokwo) including Logone werwer 'lungs' (redupl.; see in *riʔ(-at)- 'lung', SED, No. 224)

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1554

Proto-Semitic: *ʔir-at-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: chest, breast

Akkadian: irtu 'chest, breast' OAkk on [CAD i 183], [AHw 386]; in OAkk also ertu and iratu [AHw 386].

    The comparison with SEM *ḥad_(a)y- {} *ḥaǯ(a)y- 'breast' (see No. ) proposed by some authors (e.g. [Holma 44]) is not valid

Ugaritic: ʔirt 'pecho; repecho' [DLU 53], /ʔiratu/ [Huehner 109]

Tigre: cf. ʔarra, pl. ʔarratat (poet. ʔaratat) 'milt, by-stomach (of cattle)' [LH 357].

    A semantic shift 'chest' > 'viscera' seems tenable

Notes: Scarcely attested in AKK, UGR and probably TGR.

    Possibly related to metathetic SEM forms meaning 'lung' (cf. *riʔ-at-, No. ). To distinguish from *ʔVrāw- ~ *wVrāʔ- 'back', No. 10.

    [Fron 46]: (*ʔir-at- /JIB ʔeri, ʔirot,not in [JJ], UGR,AKK, also metathetic HBR PB, ARB,SYR/); [DLU 53]: UGR, AKK, SYR (ratō)

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *Harur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: chest

Tawllemmet: a-hăror 'poitrine' Aloj 80

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ʔarw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'chest'

Paduko: arwa [Lukas; see in Bl Om 7]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ʔurr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'navel'

Jegu: ʔurre

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'stomach' 1, 'belly, abdomen' 2

Somali: ùur-, pl. úurár 1 Abr 243

Rendille: ûr, pl. urʔár 2

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʔir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: stomach

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): ír-a

Notes: Sass Bur 106

Mogogodo etymology :

Mogogodo: irêh

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'belly'

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ɨ̄́rŁV

Meaning: stomach, belly

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ɨ̄raŁ_V

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛǝ̆w

Burushaski: *-úl

Basque: *ur̄dail

Comments and references : MCGD 7, BCD 22-23.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ɨ̄raŁ_V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stomach; rennet, abomasum

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iƛ̣:u

Proto-Tsezian: *beƛ A

Proto-Lak: č:arlu

Proto-Dargwa: *=ark:

Proto-Lezghian: *wɨraƛ:

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the body part names with historically changing class prefixes (preserved in Darg. and traced in other subgroups). The rare trisyllabic root underwent reduction ( > *=ɨ̄rŁ_V or *=arŁ_V) in most subgroups (except PL), and metathesis in Lak.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=iƛ̣:u

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stomach 2 rennet, abomasum

Andian language: boƛ̣:i 2

Akhvakh: biƛ̣:i 2

Chamalal: beƛ̣:ʷ 2

Tindi: beƛ̣:u 1,2

Karata: meƛ̣:u 1

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. reƛ̣:u with another old class prefix (PA *b-iƛ̣:u / *r-iƛ̣:u). The vocalism in And. is unclear.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *beƛ A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rennet, abomasum

Tsezi: biƛ

Ginukh: biƛ

Khvarshi: beƛ (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: beƛ

Bezhta: beƛ (Khosh.)

Gunzib: beƛ

Comments: PTsKh *beƛ, PGB *beƛ.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: č:arlu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kidney

Lak form: č:arlu

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=ark:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stomach 2 inside

Akusha: =arg

Chiragh: bark:ʷ-la-ne 2

Comments: A noun with changing class prefixes (d-arg, b-arg). Cf. also Ur. =arɣ (d-arɣ, b-arɣ) id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *wɨraƛ:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 rennet, abomasum 2 rennet ferment

Lezghian: giraw 1 (Khl.)

Agul: uraj 1

Rutul: ɣɨrɨɣ 1

Tsakhur: wēɣ 1

Archi: baƛ

Comment: Arch. baƛ < *barƛ (with a vowel reduction). Cf. also Ag. Bursh., Burk. uraj, Fit. ʁuri ( < *uriɣ), Tsakh. Gelm. wɨjag. Rut. ɣɨrɨɣ < *wɨrɨɣ through assimilation.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛǝ̆w

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: belly, stomach

Chinese: 腴 *Ło (~l-) fat on belly; intestines; fat.

Tibetan: lto belly, stomach.

Kachin: kro¹ the inside of the chest and epigastric region, (H) kroŋ, ǝkro(ŋ) id.

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Bugun lui, Sulung ɵui 'belly'.

Chinese characters :

Character: 腴

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: lo (~ Ł-)

Classic Old Chinese: lo (~ Ł-)

Western Han Chinese: lwa

Eastern Han Chinese: źwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwo

Middle Chinese: jü

English meaning : fat on belly; intestines; fat [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: жир; жирное мясо; жирный, тучный; обильный

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 5110

Karlgren code: 0126 e

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-úl

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: belly

Yasin: -ul

Hunza: -úl

Nagar: -úl

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *urdail

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stomach 2 abomasum 3 womb 4 stomach ache (in men) 5 gall, bile

Bizkaian: urdail 1, 2, 3, (Mondragon, Oñate) urdabil 1, (Zigoitia) 3

Gipuzkoan: urdail 1, 3

High Navarrese: urdail 1

Low Navarrese: (Aldude) urdail 4

Lapurdian: urdail 1, (Ainhoa) 4

Baztanese: urdail 4

Zuberoan: urdai 1, urdal-min 5

Comments: S.A. Starostin reconstructed PSC *=ɨ̄́rŁV ‘stomach, belly’; the Bsq word may be from this stem with the fossilized class prefix *u= and the suffix -(i)l, frequent in body part terms: cf. Bsq *śabe-l ‘belly’, (AN) zurzu-il ‘nape’, etc., thus *u=rda-il. Any association with Bsq *urde ‘pig’ (q.v.) must be secondary.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lVw (*luj)

Meaning: stomach, heart

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *lu:j / *lɛj

Austroasiatic meaning: abdomen, stomach

Miao-Yao parallels: *plVw heart

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lu:j / *lɛj

Meaning: abdomen, stomach

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: EK *lej

Proto-Khmu: *lu:j

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *le(j)

Meaning: stomach

Presyllable: pǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-East Katuic: *lej

References: TK5.4a

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *lej

Meaning: stomach

Presyllable: pǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Kantu dialects: pallɛ:

Triw: pǝllej

Dakkan dialects (1): pale:

Katu dialects (4): pǝlʌj

Katu meaning: stomach

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