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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *mula
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: a k. of deer
Russian meaning: вид оленя
Turkic: *bulan
Mongolian: *maral
Tungus-Manchu: *mul-
Comments: Дыбо 8, Лексика 154. A Western isogloss. Mong. *maral regularly < *mala-r.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *bulan
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: elk
Russian meaning: лось
Karakhanid: bulan 'unicorn from the Kyfchak country' (MK)
Tatar: bolan
Middle Turkic: bulan (Ettuhf.), bulnaq (AH) 'onager'
Uzbek: bulɔn
Khakassian: pulan
Shor: pulan
Oyrat: bulan
Chuvash: pъʷlan
Tuva: bulan
Kirghiz: bulan
Kazakh: bulan
Noghai: bulan
Bashkir: bolan
Comments: VEWT 88, TMN 2, 356, EDT 343, ЭСТЯ 2, 260, Лексика 154. Chinese origin (Щербак 1961, 141-142) is hardly possible; it is curious to note MK's meaning: 'unicorn with its horn collecting snow and rain'. Turk. > Russ. буланый (horse color name)'; > Hung. bölény 'aurochs', see Gombocz 1912.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *maral
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: mountain deer
Russian meaning: горный олень
Written Mongolian: maral (L 529)
Middle Mongolian: maral (SH), mārāl (LH), maral (MA)
Khalkha: maral
Buriat: maral
Kalmuck: marḷ
Comments: KW 257. Mong. > Kaz. maral etc. (VEWT 327, TMN 1, 495, Щербак 1997, 206).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mul-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 deer 2 young of elk, small deer 3 deer herd
Russian meaning: 1 олень 2 детеныш лося, маленький олень 3 стадо оленей
Evenki: mulkān 1; dial. mêlêlê, Nep. mē̂lan 2; multa 3
Even: mụlqan 1
Negidal: molkān 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 534, 555.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *mula
Meaning: a k. of horned animal
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *mēl-
Altaic: *mula
References: ND 1408 *mU(w)l̄VyV 'animals, meet'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *mēl-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: sheep, goats
Armenian: mal `Schaf, Widder'
Old Greek: mē̂lo-n n. `Kleinvieh, Schafe und Ziegen'
Germanic: *mḗl-ō f.
Celtic: OIr mīl `(kleines) Tier'; Cymr mil `Tier', OCorn mil `Tier', Bret mil `Tier'
Russ. meaning: скот (мелкая рогатая скотина)
References: WP II 296 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *mḗlō
Meaning: calf
IE etymology: IE etymology
Dutch: maal f. `koe van anderhalf tot twee jaar'
Old Franconian: māla, Geld maola
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1272
Root: mēlo-, smēlo-
English meaning: small animal
German meaning: `kleineres Tier'
Material: Gr. μη̃λον n. `Kleinvieh, Schaf'; air. mīl n. `(kleines) Tier', cymr. mil, acorn. bret. mil `Tier'; germ. in māla (Lex Salica), ndl. maal `junge Kuh', agerm. Μηλί-βοκον ὄρος `der Harz'; ablautend arm. mal `Schaf, Widder'.

    Da `Kleinvieh' eine alte Substantivierung eines Adj. der Bed. `klein' sein kann, vergleicht man weiter abg. malъ (*mōlo-) `klein, gering' (wovon klr. mal' f. Kollektiv `junge Schafe', usw.), lat. malus `schlecht' (als gering'), osk. mallom, mallud `malum' (mit expressivem ll?); mit anl.s- got. smals (*smǝ-lo-), ahd. as. smal, ags. smæl `klein, gering, schmal', aisl. smale n. `kleines Tier', ahd. smala-nōz, smalaz fihu, mhd. smal-nōz, smal-vihe `ds., Schmaltier', mhd.smal-hirte `Hirt für Kleinvieh'.

References: WP. II 296, WH. II 20.
Pages: 724
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : MVLV
Meaning : a k. of horned animal
Eurasiatic : *mula
Afroasiatic : *mal- (more data in ND 1408)
Sino-Caucasian : ? Cf. PEC *bHēmƛ_ɨ̆ ( perhaps *wHēmƛ_ɨ̆?) 'deer, mountain goat'
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-búdị̀ 'goat'.
Reference : ND 1408.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,globet-reference,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *mal-
Meaning: herd
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *mawl- ~ *mVly-at- 'herd, rich in cattle; booty; bride-prize'
Egyptian: mnmn.t (ME)
Low East Cushitic: *māl- 'livestock; milking'
High East Cushitic: *māl- 'meat' 1, 'lending out of cattle' 2
Omotic: *māl- 'cow'
Notes: Scarce data. Cf. Lamb Wol 474: Om.: Koyra (comp. to unrelated Om. forms); Cush.: HEC; Som. (SaAf 'money' and Bil 'livestock, richness' are evidently Arb. loans').
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-lec,afaset-hec,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 2697
Proto-Semitic: *mawl- ~ *mVly-at-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'herd, rich in cattle; booty; bride-prize'
Arabic: mwl 'ê. riche, surtout en troupeax', māl- 'troupeau de chameaux; riche (homme)' BK 2 1168
Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab mly 'get, win, obtain as booty', mlt 'loot, booty, prize of war' SD 86
Gurage: (?) Muh muli (Cha Eža End Gye muri) 'boy to whom a girl is given by her parents without being asked for by his parents' LGur 401
Mehri: mōl 'livestock, capital' JMhr 275 (<Arb.?); mǝlēt 'she-camel' ibid. 266
Jibbali: mol 'livestock, capital' JJ 176 (<Arb.?)
Harsusi: melēt 'bride-price' JHrs 88
Soqotri: māl 'richesse' LS 239 (<Arb.?)
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,

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Egyptian etymology :

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Old Egyptian: mnmn.t (ME)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'herd'
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Low East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *māl-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'livestock; milking'
Somali: màal 'livestock' (<Arb.?); cf. máalayya 'milking' Abr Som 172
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,

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High East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-High East Cushitic: *māl-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'meat' 1, 'lending out of cattle' 2
Sidamo: maal-a 1
Darasa (Gedeo): maal-a 1
Qabenna: maal-a 1
Burji (Bambala, Dashe): máal-a 1, maalát-e 2
Notes: Sas Bur 137; HEC 'meat' is "probably an Omotic loan (cf. Cer 213)"
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-sid,hecet-dar,hecet-kab,hecet-bmb,hecet-notes,

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Omotic etymology :

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Proto-Omotic: *māl-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'cow'
Ometo: Koyra maalee
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