Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *la-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: on this side, near

Russian meaning: по эту сторону, близко

Mongolian: *naɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *la-kV, *la-ŋ

Korean: *njǝk

Comments: ТМС 1, 488, АПиПЯЯ 293. Originally a monosyllabic deictic root with directive affixes.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *naɣa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: on this side

Russian meaning: по эту сторону

Written Mongolian: naɣa-ɣur, naɣa-si (L 557)

Middle Mongolian: inaqši- (MA)

Khalkha: nāš, janāš

Buriat: nāša, nāna

Kalmuck: nā

Ordos: nāsi

Dagur: nāši 'toward here, hither' (MD 194)

Shary-Yoghur: nāna, naGšǝ

Monguor: naGšǝ (SM 255)

Comments: KW 272, MGCD 496.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *la-kV, *la-ŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: near

Russian meaning: близко, близкий

Ulcha: laŋ

Orok: laqqa, laŋ

Nanai: laŋ

Oroch: laki, laŋ

Udighe: ĺaŋ

Comments: ТМС 1, 488, 492.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *njǝk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: side

Russian meaning: сторона

Modern Korean: jǝk [njǝkh]

Middle Korean: njǝk

Comments: Nam 108, KED 338.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *aĺV

Meaning: to cross, other side

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *al- ?

Altaic: *ā́ĺa (cf. also *la 'on this side, near' + Turc. *-ĺ?)

Uralic: *luwe 'east ~ south' (? cf. PA *la-); here also *älV 'other side'

Eskimo-Aleut: *alǝʁ-a

References: МССНЯ 372, ОСНЯ 1, 274-275, Ndr 23 *[ʔ]al(Vʔ)E (= *halVʔE?) 'on the other side'). [The SH parallels - basically Cush. *ʔal- 'behind' - are not quite convincing]. [some other pronom. matches see also in NDr 29 *[ʔ]ol̄V 'that (visible)' ].

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *el-, *ol-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pron. dem.

Old Indian: {par āri 'im drittletzten Jahre'}

Slavic: *olnī

Latin: ille usw.; uls, ultis 'jenseits', ulter 'jenseitig'; OLat ollus 'ille', ollī 'tunc', ollīc 'illic', ōlim 'einst'; gl. litana "vetusta", olitinata "veterata, antiqua"

Other Italic: Osk últiumam 'ultimam'; Umbr ulo, ulu 'illo, illuc'

Celtic: OIr oll 'amplus', adv. ind-oll 'ultra', ol-chene 'ausserdem sonst', ol-ḟoirbthe 'plusquamperfectum', oldāu, oldaas 'als ich, als er', inill 'sicher' usw.

Russ. meaning: тот

References: WP I 84 f

Comments: Cf. *al- 'other'.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Uralic etymology :

Number: 505

Proto: *luwe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: east (?), south (?)

German meaning: ? Ost(en); ? Süd(en)

Saam (Lapp): lulle -l- 'South-, southern', luk'sâ 'towards the south', lulas id. (N), lullē 'östlich, Ost-', luksa 'gegen Südosten, nach Osten' (l)

Khanty (Ostyak): tăŋa (Ni.) 'unbekannt, wo am Unterlauf des Ob', лăŋa (Kaz.), lăŋa (O) 'an der Mündung des Ob wohnender Ostjake' ( < Mansi?)

Mansi (Vogul): luil 'Osten', lōjī (TJ), luj (KU), lūj (P) 'am unteren Laufe eines Flusses befindlich', lui (N) 'der untere Lauf eines Flusses', lōjǝ^.l (TJ), lūjǝl (KU P) 'vom unteren Laufe eines Flusses', loŋχǝ (KU), loŋ_okǝ (P), lɔ̄ŋχa (So.) 'stromabwärts'

Sammalahti's version: *luwi 'downriver'

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *alǝʁ-a

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: other of pair, second, two

Russian meaning: один из пары, второй, два

Proto-Yupik: *aɫǝʁ-a ~ *alǝʁ-a

Proto-Inupik: *alʁa-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 17

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *aɫǝʁ-a ~ *alǝʁ-a

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: other, another 1, second 2, companion 3, last year 4

Russian Meaning: другой 1, два 2, спутник, товарищ 3, в прошлом году 4

Sirenik: //alǝχ 'other of pair' [Orr], alʁǝχ 3 [Em.]

Chaplino: ālʁīʁaqā 'to repeat', ālʁaq (t) 'second wife', aɫǝ́q, āɫχā (áɫxa*) 2, áɫɨk* 'friend'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: aɫǝq 1, (Lisianski aźĺxa 'two', Veniaminov aĺakha 2)

Chugach (AAY): KP aɫχani loc., PWS aɫɫani loc. 'once in a while'

Koniag (AAY): Kod aɫχani loc. 'once in a while'

Chugach (Birket-Smith): [āƛa 'never'], aʎuäk du. 'two'

Central Alaskan Yupik: aɫχaɣni loc. 4

Chevak (Peripheral): alχaɣni loc. 4

Nunivak (Peripheral): aɫʁāni* loc. 4 ('year or more ago')

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 52

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *ạlʁa-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: other of a pair 1, a long time ago 2

Russian meaning: другой (из пары) 1, давно, в то время 2

SPI Dialects: W alʁaʁa*, KI aɫʁaʁa* 'to snatch sth. away'

North Alaskan Inupik: alʁa(i) 1, alʁāni loc. 2

NAI Dialects: B aʎʁāni* loc. 2

WCI Dialects: Cor, M aʎʁāni* loc. 2, Cop alʁaiɣit 'their eqivalent', 1 [Met.], Utku alʁā 'two' [Ras.], Car Baker Lake alʁāk 'two' [Dor.], alʁāni 'last year', alʁāɣu 'next year' [Pryde]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: aʁʁani loc. 'last year', aʁʁāɣu 'next year'

Greenlandic Inupik: aʁɫa(ʁ)- 'one of them', ardlâgut* 'earlier time from ardlaq*' [Jen.], aʁɫānisaq 'land animal in its second year', aʁɫaɫɫit pl. 'several'

GRI Dialects: NG aʁlāni loc. 'last year', aʁlāɣu 'next year', EG aʁtaʁaʁtit pl. 'several', WG aʁɫāɣut 'at an earlier time'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 17

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVLV

Meaning : other

Eurasiatic : *aĺV other side

Sino-Caucasian : ST *lāj 'other, that'

Reference : Cf. also ND *ɫa(ʔ) 'one'

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