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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ā́rà
Meaning: elbow, shoulder bone, cubit
Russian meaning: локоть, плечевая кость
Comments: In Turkic the root is rather hard to distinguish from *Karɨ < *gàrá 'arm', but the distinction still seems to be necessary. In *K(i)arɨĺ the expected long vowel (reconstructed because of *-ia- in TM after a fricative and high tone in Jpn.) was shortened probably under the influence of *Karɨ. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *K(i)arɨĺ
Meaning: span
Russian meaning: пядь
Turkish: karɨš
Tatar: qarɨš
Uzbek: qɛriš
Uighur: ɣerič, dial. ɣeriš
Azerbaidzhan: Garɨš
Turkmen: Garɨš
Khakassian: xarɨs
Oyrat: qarɨš
Yakut: xarɨs
Tuva: qarɨš
Tofalar: xarɨš
Kirghiz: qarɨš
Kazakh: qarɨs
Noghai: qarɨs
Bashkir: qarɨš
Balkar: qarɨš
Gagauz: qarɨš
Karakalpak: qarɨs
Kumyk: qarɨš
Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 324-326, EDT 663. External evidence suggests that the original meaning was 'elbow, cubit' [in fact attested for qarɨš in Chag. Abushka, but some argue that this is just a script error], with the opposition *K(i)arɨ 'large measure (cubit) : *K(i)arɨĺ 'small measure (span)'. But the former completely merged later with the reflexes of *Karɨ 'arm' (v. sub *gàrá). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kari
Meaning: 1 shoulder or hip bone 2 arm 3 cubit
Russian meaning: 1 плечевая или бедренная кость 2 рука 3 локоть (мера длины)
Written Mongolian: qaritu 1 (МХТТТ) Khalkha: xaŕt 1
Buriat: xari, xarti, xaŕta 1
Comments: The word is usually considered to be borrowed < Turk. *Karɨ (see e.g. ЭСТЯ 5, 283, Дыбо 164), and the form attested in IM may probably be so; but the other forms may well be genuine. Cf. also MMong. (MA) qars delet- 'to clap hands' ( > Chag. qars). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)iarū-n
Meaning: 1 shoulder bone 2 cubit, measure of length 3 ridge of deer's shoulder bone
Russian meaning: 1 кость предплечья 2 локоть, мера длины 3 гребень лопатки оленя
Evenki: ē̂rūn 1, 2
Even: ärъ̣n 3
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kárà
Meaning: handle, counter for handles and long thin objects
Russian meaning: рукоять, счетное слово для рукояток и длинных тонких предметов
Old Japanese: kara
Middle Japanese: kárà
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳArV
Meaning: arm, cubit
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kersk-
Meaning: arm
Old Indian: kiṣku- m. 'fore-arm, handle (of an axe); a k. of length measure (24 thumbs' breadths)'
Albanian: krah, gen. -u, pl. -ǝ m. рука (от плеча до кисти)
Russ. meaning: рука (arm)
References: Fraenkel 222 (different in Pok.)
Comments: Cf. *kArǝk- (perhaps the same root)
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-balt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kirk-ā̂l-ja- c. (1)
Meaning: stilts
Lithuanian: kirkãliai pl. 'Stelze'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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