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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kā́jta
Meaning: nail, bar; to stick into
Russian meaning: гвоздь, брусок; вонзать(ся)
Comments: KW 158, Владимирцов 325, АПиПЯЯ 290. Mong. has also variants gada-sun, gata-sun (either < Turk. or interdialectal). altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kāta-
Meaning: 1 to stick into 2 nail
Russian meaning: 1 вонзать(ся) 2 гвоздь
Turkish: kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.)
Tatar: qada- 1, qadaq 2
Uzbek: qada- 1, qadɔq 2
Uighur: qada- 1, qadaq 2
Sary-Yughur: qataɣ 2
Azerbaidzhan: GadaG 2
Turkmen: Gadaq 2
Oyrat: qada- 1
Chuvash: xudav 2 (Anatri)
Yakut: xatā- 1
Dolgan: katā- 1
Tuva: qada- 1, qadaɣ 2
Kirghiz: qada- 1, qadō 2
Kazakh: qada- 1, qadaq 2
Noghai: qada- 1, qadaq 2
Karakalpak: qada- 1, qadaq 2
Kumyk: qada- 1
Comments: VEWT 217-8, ЭСТЯ 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Ашм. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadaɣa is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kada-
Meaning: 1 to nail 2 nail
Russian meaning: 1 прибивать гвоздями 2 гвоздь
Written Mongolian: qada- 1, qadaɣasu(n), qadasu(n), qadaɣa 2 (L 902, 903) Middle Mongolian: qada'asun 2 (SH) Khalkha: xada- 1, xadās, gadas 2
Buriat: xada- 1, xadāha(n) 2
Kalmuck: xadǝ- 1, xadāsṇ 2
Ordos: xada- 1, xadāsu 2
Dongxian: Gada- 1, Gadasun 2
Baoan: Gadǝ- 1, Gadasoŋ 2 (MGCD Gasoŋ 2) Shary-Yoghur: Gadǝ- 1, Gadǝsǝn 2 (MGCD Gadasǝn, GadaG) Monguor: Gada- (SM 114) 1, Gadasǝ (SM 115) 2 Comments: KW 158, MGCD 277, 315. Cf. also *kadku- 'to stick into' (MMong. (SH) qatqu-, KW 172, 158, Dag. karku-, xarxu-, xatukulā, Тод. Даг. 148, 174, 175). Mong. > Evk. kada-, Man. χada- etc. (see ТМС 1, 359; Doerfer MT 91, Rozycki 97); Mong. gada-sun, gata-sun > Evk. gatahun (see Poppe 1966, 197, Doerfer MT 126). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kiata-kun
Meaning: 1 finger-nail 2 bar, billet
Russian meaning: 1 ноготь 2 брусок
Spoken Manchu: ḱatǝhun 1 (76)
Literary Manchu: xitaxun 1
Nanai: qataxị 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 384, 466. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kìt
Meaning: pole, pillar
Russian meaning: столб, колонна
Modern Korean: kiduŋ, (arch.) kit [kit, kis]
Middle Korean: kìtòŋ, kit
Comments: Nam 78, 80, KED 263, 278, 282. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kiátá ( ~ *káitá)
Meaning: beam, cross-beam
Russian meaning: балка, поперечный брус
Old Japanese: k(j)eta
Middle Japanese: keta
Tokyo: kèta
Kyoto: kétá
Kagoshima: ketá
Comments: JLTT 448. The Kagoshima accent is irregular (kéta would be expected). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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