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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *i̯ùjŋula
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to weep, howl
Russian meaning: рыдать, выть
Turkic: *ɨjŋala-
Mongolian: *ujila-
Japanese: *ùnàr-
Comments: An onomatopaeic root, but with a rather precise phonetic matching between Turkic, Mongolian and Japanese.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *ɨjŋa-la-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to cry, weep
Russian meaning: плакать, рыдать
Karakhanid: aŋɨla- 'to cry, howl (of a donkey)' (МК) (?)
Turkish: inle-, dial. iŋile-
Tatar: eŋgelde-
Middle Turkic: OKypch. iŋle- (Ettuhf.)
Uzbek: ingala-
Azerbaidzhan: inlä-
Turkmen: iŋle-
Khakassian: ɨlɣa-
Shor: ɨlɣa-
Oyrat: ɨjla-
Halaj: ị̄län-
Yakut: ɨj̃ɨla-
Tuva: ɨjɨla-, ɨɨla-
Kirghiz: ɨjla-
Kazakh: ɨnqɨl-da-
Bashkir: ɨjla-
Gagauz: inne-
Karaim: inle-
Karakalpak: ɨŋɨl-da-
Comments: VEWT 172, EDT 186, ЭСТЯ 1, 366-367.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *ujila-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to cry, weep
Russian meaning: плакать, рыдать
Written Mongolian: ujila- (L 866)
Middle Mongolian: ui'jila- (SH), ujla- (IM), uila-, hujlaūl- (caus.) (MA), ūjla- (Lig.VMI)
Khalkha: ujla-
Buriat: ujla-
Kalmuck: ūĺ-
Ordos: ujla-
Dongxian: uila-
Baoan: lā-, la-
Dagur: waila- (Тод. Даг. 129), uajle- (MD 229), uail-
Shary-Yoghur: ǖla-
Monguor: (u)lā- (SM 469)
Mogol: uīla-
Comments: KW 454, MGCD 670.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *ùnàr-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to howl, weep
Russian meaning: выть, рыдать
Tokyo: unár-
Kyoto: únár-
Kagoshima: ùnàr-
Comments: JLTT 779.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *jVnV
Meaning: speak, sound
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *i̯ùjŋula ?
Uralic: *äne
Dravidian: *jan-
Comments: Altaic *i̯ùjŋula should rather be compared with PDR *áŋal- "to weep, grieve".
References: ND 2635 *yän[h/ʔ]V ~ *ʔänh/ʔV 'to speak, say'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 43
Proto: *äne
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: voice, sound
German meaning: Stimme, Laut
Finnish: ääni (gen. äänen) 'Stimme; Laut, Ton, Lärm, Klang'
Saam (Lapp): jiednâ-n (N) 'sound, note; voice', jetna (L) 'Laut, Schall, Stimme (von lebenden Wesen wie von Dingen)', jīnn (T Kld.), jienn (Not.), jiññ, iññ (A) 'Stimme, Laut'
Hungarian: ének, énëk 'Gesang, Lied'
Sammalahti's version: *äni
K. Redei's notes: *äCVne
References: FUV; SKES; MSzFgrE; TESz; EtSz; Bár.SzófSz
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-redei,uralet-lit,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *jan-
Meaning : to say
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *jan-
Proto-Telugu : *an-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *jan-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *in- (past stem *it_-)
Proto-North Dravidian : *ān-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *jan-
Meaning : to say
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : en_ (en_p-, en_r_-)
Tamil meaning : to say, utter, express
Tamil derivates : en_kai saying; en_pi (-pp-, -tt-) to make one establish or prove (as a statement)
Malayalam : ennuka
Malayalam meaning : to sound, say, think (defective); to sound thus, appear thus, be such (aux. vb.)
Kannada : en (end-), ennu, an (and-), annu
Kannada meaning : to say, speak, call, name
Kannada derivates : enisu, ennisu, enasu, anasu, anisu, annisu to cause to say, cause oneself to say, cause to be called, cause oneself to be called, be called, be spoken of; enuha, ennike, ennuvike, annuvike saying, calling, naming; embu, imbu a saying, a word
Kodagu : *enn- (emb-, end-)
Kodagu meaning : to say (so-and-so)
Tulu : anpini, inpini
Tulu meaning : to say, speak
Tulu derivates : endruni to say fully
Proto-Nilgiri : *in-
Number in DED : 0868
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *in-
Meaning : to say
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : in- (id_-), -n- (-d_-) "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"
Toda : ɨn- (ɨd_-) "to say (so-and-so)"
Number in DED : 868
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *an-
Meaning : to say, utter, speak; adj. named, called
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : anu
Inscriptional Telugu : envānr_u "(7th cent.) he who is called"
Additional forms : Also anipincu to seem, look, appear, be considered; pretend, cause to believe, cause to be said; anukonu to think, believe, suppose, say to oneself
Notes : Note archaic e- (< *ya-).
Number in DED : 868
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-notes,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *jan-
Meaning : to say
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kolami : en- (ent-) "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : in- "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"
Naikri : en- (ent-)
Naiki : en- (enḍ-)
Parji : en- (end-, ett-) "to say (so-and-so)"
Salur Gadba : in-
Number in DED : 868
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *in- (past stem *it_-)
Meaning : to say
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *in-
Konda : in- (iR-)
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *in- (p.t. *ic-)
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *in- (p.t. *ic-)
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *in-
Meaning : to say
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Betul Gondi : indānā (inj-) "to say, call"
Muria Gondi : ind- (itt-)
Maria Gondi : in- (-t-)
Yeotmal Gondi : ind- (itt-)
Adilabad Gondi : ind- (itt-)
Number in DED : 868
Number in CVOTGD : 173
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : in- (iR-)
Meaning: to say
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Number in DED : 868
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *in- (p.t. *ic-)
Meaning : to say
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Pengo : in- (ic-)
Manda : in (ic-)
Number in DED : 868
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *in- (p.t. *ic-)
Meaning : to say
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : inba (is-) "to say, to articulate"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : injali
Kuwi (Schulze) : innai
Sunkarametta Kuwi : in- (icc-)
Kuwi (Israel) : inmbu "saying"
Additional forms : Also Kui ispa (ist-) to cause to say, make articulate
Number in DED : 868
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *ān-
Meaning : to say
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : ānnā "to say, tell, salute as, point out, designate"
Malto : āne "to think, say, or do thus"
Number in DED : 868
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : JVNV (WVNV)
Meaning : speak, say, sound
Eurasiatic : *jVnV
Afroasiatic : *yVn- 'say' (Eg., Berb., Cush., Chad.)
Sino-Caucasian : *ʔwēnɨ (~ -u)
Amerind (misc.) : *wuni 'cry' (R 154); ? *wen 'name; call' (R 494) [+ A]
Reference : ND 2635.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʕwḗnɨ (~ ʔw-, -u)
Meaning: sound; air movement
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *ʔwēnɨ (~ ʕw-, -u)
Sino-Tibetan: *ʔǝm
Comments and references : HGC 50.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔwēnɨ (~ -u)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: air movement; cold, rheumatism
Proto-Nakh: *ʔān
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔVnV
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔʷen
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The phonetic match between the PL form, on one side, and the PN and Av., on the other, is perfect. As for the semantic side, we must postulate the original meaning "movement of air" ( > a) "sound"; b) "wind" > "cold, rheumatism"; both changes are rather frequent typologically).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *ʔān
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: rheumatic pain, rheumatism
Chechen: ān
Ingush: a
Batsbi:
Comments: Obl. base *ʔāne-, cf. Chech. ēna-, Ing. ano, Bacb. ani-. 3d class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ʔVnV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: rheumatism
Avar: onó-d (dial.)
Comments: The Av. form reflects a former plural in -d. If we take into account the original meaning 'movement of air' ( > 'sound'), we could compare also the Tind. verbal root un- 'to talk, speak' (otherwise isolated).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔʷen
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sound
Lezghian: wan
Agul: un
Rutul: un
Tsakhur: on
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. on id. In several languages (Ag., Lezg., Rut.) serves as a base for the compound verb 'to hear'. Belongs to the 4th class in Rut. and Tsakh.; oblique base unknown.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔǝm
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: sound, wind
Chinese: 音 *ʔǝm sound
Burmese: am 'to read aloud'
Comments: Cf. Tani *ǝm, Gurung kha-ẽ wind.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: yīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝm
Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝm
Western Han Chinese: ʔǝm
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝm
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔim
Middle Chinese: ʔim
English meaning : sound; note; fame
Russian meaning[s]: 1) звук, тон; звучание, чтение (знака); 2) слог, силлабема; концовка слога, рифма; 3) оттенок (тембр) голоса; произношение
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 180
Four-angle index: 1496
Karlgren code: 0653 a-b
Vietnamese reading: âm
Shijing occurrences: 28.3_, 29.3, 32.4_, 33.2_, 35.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 868
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 深開三平侵影
ZIHUI: 7299 2139
Beijing: in 11
Jinan: iẽ 11
Xi'an: iẽ 11
Taiyuan: iŋ 1
Hankou: in 11
Chengdu: in 11
Yangzhou: ĩ 11
Suzhou: in 11
Wenzhou: iaŋ 11
Changsha: in 11
Shuangfeng: in 11
Nanchang: in 11
Meixian: jim 11
Guangzhou: jam 11
Xiamen: im 11
Chaozhou: im 11
Fuzhou: iŋ 11
Shanghai: iiŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: iǝm 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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