Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Turkic: *Apɨl

Meaning: hoe

Russian meaning: мотыга

Shor: abɨl

Oyrat: abɨl, dial. ōl (Leb.)

Kirghiz: abɨl-qasɨm 'one of the pegs in a plough'

Comments: VEWT 2. Despite late and sparse attestation hardly borrowed from Mong. - for semantic and phonetic reasons, despite Аникин 73.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *oɣuli

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: adze

Russian meaning: долото, тесло

Written Mongolian: oɣuli (L 603)

Khalkha: ōĺ

Buriat: ōli

Kalmuck: ōĺǝ

Ordos: ōli

Dongxian: uali

Comments: KW 292, MGCD 522.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *upa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: adze

Russian meaning: долото, тесло

Literary Manchu: efexun

Nanai: ofali, ufali

Oroch: upa

Comments: ТМС 2, 280-281, 471.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *jVṗV

Meaning: sharp stick

Altaic: *i̯ap`u

Uralic: *jäpśe

Uralic etymology :

Number: 175

Proto: *jäpśe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: sharp stick, spear

German meaning: spitze Stange, Speer

Saam (Lapp): ńipt́š́s (T), ńipt́š́as (Kld.), ńī̮pt́š́a͔s (Ko. Not.) 'Bratspieß'

Mari (Cheremis): jǝ̑pš (KB B) 'Speer, spitze Stange'

Udmurt (Votyak): juč́i̮š, ǯ́uč́i̮z (S), d́uč́ǝ̑z (K) 'die zu Befestigung des Frucht- od. Heuschobers dienenden dünnen Stangen', juśiś (G) 'Schoberstange' ?

Komi (Zyrian): joś (S P PO) 'spitzes Stöckchen, Netznadel; spitz, scharf, Spitze', jo̯ś (SO) 'острый' ( > Khanty O jo̯ś, Kaz. jǫś 'Bratspieß')

Khanty (Ostyak): jiwǝs (V), jepǝs (DN, Kaz.) 'Bratspieß'

Nenets (Yurak): jābc (Nj.) 'Bratstäbchen; spitze Stange in der Rentiergrube', jāpcā- (O) 'Brot backen'

Selkup: tāpsau (Ča.) 'backen, braten'

Kamass: t́apsu 'Stecken, Stöckchen', t́apse- 'braten'

Addenda: Koib. d́ž́apsì̮lam 'жарю'; Mot. apsì̮sapsì̮jam id.; Sk čɔ̄psi6

References: FUV; КЭСКЯ; DEWO 397, 422-423; Paas. Beitr. 247; ИВПЯ 40; Collinder Comp. Gr. 103, 169, 170, 171; Helimsky: SFU 12:123