Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *gū̀no

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to think

Russian meaning: думать

Turkic: *Kun-

Mongolian: *guni-

Tungus-Manchu: *gūn-

Korean: *kɨ̀nɨ̀r-

Japanese: *kǝ̀nǝ̀-m-

Comments: Poppe 24, KW 155, ОСНЯ 1, 234, АПиПЯЯ 291. "Verbal" low tone in Korean. There are several "mental" verbs of the type KUNV in Altaic, and they are not always easy to distinguish from each other. Besides *gū̀no 'think' cf. also notes to *kḕńu 'distress, envy', *k`i̯ŭnu 'to long, covet', *k`i̯ū́ńa 'punishment' (the latter - with additional analogies with *guna 'attack, torture'). On the whole this produces an extremely complicated etymological situation, and we are not sure we have disentangled everything correctly.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kun-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 attention, care 2 usefulness 3 to yearn, be anxious, sorry

Russian meaning: 1 внимание, старание, прилежание 2 польза, толк 3 тосковать, печалиться, горевать

Tatar: qon 1, (dial.) qonar 2; qono 'diligent, busy', qonoq- 'to get used, become accustomed'

Middle Turkic: qunuq- 3 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qunt 1

Oyrat: qunuq-, qunan-, qunal- 3

Tuva: qunuq- 3

Kirghiz: qunt 1, qunar 2

Kazakh: qunt 1

Bashkir: qont (dial.) 1, qonar 2

Karakalpak: qunt 1; qunɨq- 'become accustomed'

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 147-148, 149-150. *Kun- 'to yearn, be sorry' and *Kun- 'attention, usefulness' can hardly be separated; despite late attestation a theory of Mong. origin ( < Mong. guni-) is hardly plausible because of quite different affixation.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *guni-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: be sad, anxious

Russian meaning: грустить

Written Mongolian: ɣuni-

Khalkha: guni-

Buriat: guni-

Kalmuck: ɣuńǝ-

Ordos: Gunid-

Dongxian: Gunira-

Dagur: guni-

Comments: KW 155.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gūn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to say 2 to think

Russian meaning: 1 сказать 2 думать

Evenki: gūn- 1

Even: gȫn- 1

Negidal: gūn- 1

Spoken Manchu: Goni- 2 (1848)

Literary Manchu: Guni- 2

Jurchen: xen-du-ru (467) 1

Ulcha: wembuwu 1

Orok: un- 1

Nanai: un(de)- 1

Oroch: gun- 1

Udighe: gun- 1

Solon: gun- 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 171. Loss of *g- in Ul., Orok and Nan., as well as vowel shortening is unclear (perhaps a different root).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kɨ̀nɨ̀r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to take care of, to look after

Russian meaning: заботиться, присматривать за

Modern Korean: kɨnɨrɨ-

Middle Korean: kɨ̀nɨ̀r'ù-

Comments: Nam 66, KED 232.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀nǝ̀-m-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to like, wish

Russian meaning: любить, желать

Old Japanese: konom-

Middle Japanese: kònòm-

Tokyo: konóm-

Kyoto: kónóm-

Kagoshima: kònòm-

Comments: JLTT 712.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gu[nH]i

Meaning: to think

Altaic: *gū̀no

Uralic: *kunta-lV- 'hear, listen' ?

Kartvelian: *gon-

Eskimo-Aleut: *uniɣ-ǝʁ(-), *uniɣ-paʁ- (?)

References: МССНЯ 339, ОСНЯ 1, 234; ND 640 *gun̄[h]i (+Eg.).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 407

Proto: *kunta-lV-

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to hear, listen

German meaning: hören, horchen

Finnish: kuuntele-, dial. kuntele- 'horchen, nachforschen, nachfragen' ?

Khanty (Ostyak): kunɣǝl- (V) 'hören', kuntǝɣлǝ- 'hören, vernehmen'

Mansi (Vogul): kantāl- (TJ), χōntl- (KU), kontl- (P), χūntl- (So.) 'horchen'

Hungarian: hall- 'hören, vernehmen', (altung.) hadl-

Sammalahti's version: *kunta-

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *gon-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: думать

English meaning: to think

Georgian: gon-

Megrel: gon-

Svan: gon-, gn-

Laz: gon-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 63-64, EWK 87-88. В ОСНЯ 1, 234 картв. форма сопоставлена с алт. *gūno 'думать' < ностр. *gu[nH]i; то же сближение см. Бомхард 1996, 166.

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *uniɣ-ǝʁ(-), *uniɣ-paʁ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to tell a story, story, tale, news

Russian meaning: рассказывать, рассказ, предание, новости

Proto-Yupik: *uni(ɣ)ǝʁ, *unik-paʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *unipkaa-, unni-ʁ-, *unniqtuʁ-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *uni(ɣ)ǝʁ, *unik-paʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to tell, to narrate 1, story, tale 2, news 3

Russian Meaning: говорить, сообщать, рассказывать 1 предание, рассказ 2, новость, известие 3

Sirenik: uníʁcaχtǝ́qǝχtǝ́χ 1, [//uŋǝpǝʁ- 1 [Vakh] < Chap], uníχ 3, uníʁcaχ 2

Chaplino: uŋípātaquq 1, uŋipaʁān (tǝt) 2, uŋīpaq (t) 3

Naukan: uníkpaʁáquq 1, uníkpaq 2, 3, uníkpaʁáq 2

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: unixkuaq 2

Norton Sound (Peripheral): unifkaʁaq 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *unipkaa-, unni-ʁ-, *unniqtuʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: story, legend 1, to tell, to narrate 2, to promise 3

Russian meaning: рассказ, предание 1, рассказывать 2, обещать 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: unipkāq 1, unnatuq- 3

SPI Dialects: Imaq unípkaq 1, unípkaʁātoq 2

North Alaskan Inupik: unipkāq, ulipkāq 1, unniqsuq- 3

NAI Dialects: Mal unipcāq 1

Western Canadian Inupik: unipkāq 1, unniq- 2, unniqtuq- 3

Eastern Canadian Inupik: unikkāq 1, unnituq- 'to tell take and use sth.', unnituqtaq 'person for whom sth. is promised or permitted'

Greenlandic Inupik: unikkāq (univkâq*) 1, unniʁ- 'to say (of one)', unniʁsuʁ- 3

GRI Dialects: NG unikāq- 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373

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