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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *gaĺi
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to contest
Russian meaning: соревноваться
Tungus-Manchu: *gali-
Korean: *kjǝru-
Japanese: *kisuap- ( ~ *kisǝp-)
Comments: An Eastern isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gali-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to contest
Russian meaning: состязаться
Literary Manchu: Galgi-
Nanai: Galị-
Oroch: gali-
Udighe: galoa-
Comments: ТМС 1, 138.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kjǝru-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to compete, contend
Russian meaning: состязаться, соревноваться
Modern Korean: kjǝru-
Comments: KED 111.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kisuap- ( ~ *kisǝp-)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to contest
Russian meaning: соревноваться
Middle Japanese: kisof-
Tokyo: kisó-
Kyoto: kísó-
Kagoshima: kisó-
Comments: JLTT 709. PJ accent unclear: Tokyo points to low tone in the first syllable, Kagoshima - to high; the Kyoto accent is ambiguous, while the word is not attested in RJ.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *galV
Meaning: to be able
Indo-European: *g(h)alǝ-
Altaic: *gaĺi
Kartvelian: ? *gangal-
Dravidian: *gel-
References: ND 868 *ka[h]lV 'power, force, be able': compares IE with SDr. *kali 'strength, force' + Sem.
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *g(h)alǝ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to be able
Slavic: *golēmъ
Baltic: *gal̂- vb. intr., *gal-ē̂- vb., *gā̃l-iā̃, *gal-jā̂ f.
Celtic: MIr gal `Tapferkeit'; Cymr gallu `können, imstande sein', Corn gallos `Macht', OBret gal `Macht, Können', Bret gallout `können'
Russ. meaning: мочь
References: WP I 539 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: голя́мо
Near etymology: "много, очень", тверск., костр. Обычно сравнивается с болг. голя́м "большой", сербохорв. го̀лем, чеш. holemý, др.-польск. golemszy "больший".
Further etymology: Родственно лит. galiù, galė́ti "мочь", galià "сила, способность", ирл. gal ж. "храбрость"; см. Маценауэр, LF 7, 186; 11, 345; Бернекер 1, 320; Траутман, BSW 77; Лиден, Armen. Stud. 125; М. -- Э. 1, 591. Сомнительна связь с греч. ἀποφώλιος "ничтожный, негодный"; см. Бецценбергер у Стокса (107).
Pages: 1,434-435
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *gal̂- vb. intr., *gal-ē̂- vb., *gā̃l-iā̃, *gal-jā̂ f.
Meaning: be able
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: galḗti `können, instande sein, vermögen', gō̃lē, galià `Macht, Kraft', gálti (-sta) 'bei Kräften sein, sich wohl befinden'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 540
Root: gal-3 oder ghal-
English meaning: to be able
German meaning: `können'
Material: Cymr. gallu `können, imstande sein', corn. gallos `Macht', bret. gallout `können' (ll < ln), ir. gal f. `Tapferkeit', abret. gal `Macht, Können'; air. dī-gal f., cymr. dial, corn. dyal `Rache'; gallorom. *galia `Kraft' (Wartburg); dazu die kelt. VN Galli, Γαλάται;

    lit. galiù, galė́ti `können, galià, gãlios `Vermögen, Fähigkeit, Macht', ne-gãlė f. `Unwohlsein';

    mit unklarer Bildung russ.-ksl. golěmъ `groß, hoch', bulg. golěḿ `groß, hoch, weit', skr. gȍlijemno `groß', ačech. holemý `groß', skr. gòlem `groß', russ. dial. goljamyj `hoch, mager' und Adv. galjamo `viel, sehr' (Weiteres bei Berneker 320 und Trautmann 77).

References: WP. I 539 f., Trautmann 77.
Pages: 351
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *gangal- (*gal-gal-?)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: знать, уметь
English meaning: to know, be able to
Georgian: a-gan-gala-ob-a
Georgian meaning (Rus.): детская игра в загадки
Georgian meaning (Engl.): the riddle game
Svan: gan-gal-
Svan meaning (Rus.): знать
Svan meaning (Eng.): to know
Notes and references: EWK 76. Ср. ПИЕ *g(h)al- 'мочь' (IEW 351), ПТМ *gali- 'соревноваться'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *gel-
Meaning : to win
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *gel-
Proto-Telugu : *gel-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *gel-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gel-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *gel-
Meaning : to win
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : keli (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to conquer, overcome
Tamil derivates : kelippu winning, success, victory
Kannada : gel (geld-), gedi/gelu/gellu (gedd-), geli (gelit-, gelid-)
Kannada meaning : to win, gain, conquer, overcome, triumph
Kannada derivates : gela, gelavu, gelu, geluvu, geluha, gella gain, victory; a winning, happy, sprightly air; gelisu, gellisu to win, etc.; geluge, geluvike, gelluvike winning, etc.
Kodagu : gell- (gelluv-, gedd-), (Kar.) gëll-
Kodagu meaning : to win
Tulu : gelipuni, gelpuni, genduni
Tulu meaning : to win, conquer
Tulu derivates : gelkayi victory, winning, victorious; gelpu victory, gain; gelavu sprightliness, liveliness, courage; (B-K) gēlo victory, success
Proto-Nilgiri : *gel-
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) geddu to win
Number in DED : 1972
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *gel-
Meaning : to win
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : gel- (ged_-)
Toda : kelc- (kelč-) "to be successful"
Additional forms : Also Kota gelc- (gelc-) to win and secure something; gel a goal, test, objective in race, a win in a game
Number in DED : 1972
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *gel-
Meaning : to win, gain, conquer, overcome, succeed
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : gelucu
Additional forms : Also gelipincu to cause to succeed or win; [1] gelupu, [2] gelpu victory, success, gain, winning; geluvamu victory, success; [1] gelivi, [2] geliviḍi joy, gladness, cheerfulness
Number in DED : 1972
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *gel-
Meaning : to win
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kinwat Kolami : gel-
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : gell-
Naikri : ghel-
Number in DED : 1972
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gel-
Meaning : to win; to save
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Konda : gels- (-t-)
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *gel-
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : gels- (-t-)
Meaning: to win, escape from danger
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Additional forms : Also Konda gelpis- (-t-) to save, rescue, cause to win or become eminent
Number in DED : 1972
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *gel-
Meaning : to save; to win
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : gelpali "to save"
Kuwi (Schulze) : gelhinai "to win"
Notes : Kuwi_S represents the initial form (*gelh- < *gel-b-; the Kui form would look like *gelba); in Kuwi_F we have the original causative.
Number in DED : 1972
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,

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