Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *č`ŏk`i
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to incline, sink
Russian meaning: погружаться, склоняться
Turkic: *čök-
Mongolian: *čökü-
Tungus-Manchu: *čoK[i]-
Korean: *čùk-
Japanese: *tuku-(m)pap-
Comments: VEWT 117, KW 431 (without the Korean form), EAS 64, SKE 43, АПиПЯЯ 286. Despite Doerfer's (TMN 3, 122) criticism, the root is certainly common Altaic. In Mong. cf. also reduplicated forms: Khalkha cogcojǯ sū-, Bur. sogsojžo hū- 'to squat', sogsogono- 'to curtsey'. The original meaning must have been 'squat', 'kneel down' - whence 'incline, sink', and further metaphorical developments: 'lose hope', 'die'.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *čök-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to kneel down 2 to sink 3 to sit
Russian meaning: 1 опускаться на колени 2 оседать, тонуть 3 присесть, сесть на корточки
Old Turkic: čök- 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: čök- 1 (MK)
Turkish: čök- 1
Tatar: čük- 1
Middle Turkic: čök- 1 (Sangl.)
Uzbek: čụk- 1, 2
Uighur: čök- 1, 2
Sary-Yughur: čoGe- 3
Azerbaidzhan: čök- 2
Turkmen: čök- 1, 2
Shor: šök- 2
Oyrat: čögö-dö- 1
Chuvash: śъk- 'to fall', śъʷg-ъʷn- 1
Yakut: sügürüj- 1
Kirghiz: čök- 1, 2
Kazakh: šök/g- 1, 2
Noghai: šök/g- 1, 2
Bashkir: sük/g- 1, 2
Balkar: čök/g- 1, 2, 3
Gagauz: čök- 1, 2, 3
Karaim: čök-, cok- 1
Karakalpak: šök/g- 1, 2
Salar: čök-, čöx- 1 (ССЯ)
Kumyk: čök/g- 1, 2, 3
Comments: VEWT 117, TMN 3, 120-122, EDT 413-4, Егоров 205, Федотов 2, 90-91. Turk. > WMong. čökü(le)-, Kalm. čökl- (KW 444; TMN 2, 121, Щербак 1997, 113).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *čökü-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to lose all hope, to be a beggar
Russian meaning: терять надежду, быть нищим
Written Mongolian: čökü-, čöküre- (L 201)
Khalkha: cöxö-, cöxrö-
Buriat: süxer-
Kalmuck: cökǝ-, cökṛ-
Ordos: ǯöχörölči-
Dagur: čakaral 'утомление, усталость' (Тод. Даг. 180)
Monguor: ćugo 'eclipse'
Comments: KW 431, 432.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čoK[i]-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to incline, bow 2 to squat
Russian meaning: 1 наклоняться, кланяться 2 сидеть на корточках
Evenki: čoko- 2
Negidal: čoxịtịn- 'свернуться клубком'
Literary Manchu: čuqu- 1
Nanai: čoqčojgan 'squatting' (Он.)
Comments: ТМС 2, 411, 404. Cf. also *čūči- 'to squat' (ТМС 2, 418) < *čUk-či- (?).
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Korean etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *čùk-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to die 2 to kill (*čùk-jo-) 3 to bow, incline 4 to squat
Russian meaning: 1 умирать 2 убивать (*čùk-jo-) 3 наклоняться 4 сидеть на корточках
Modern Korean: čuk- 1, čugi- 2, k:ul(h)- 3, č:ugɨri- 3, 4
Middle Korean: čùk- 1, skúr- 3, čùskɨ̀rí- 4, čùkjó-m 'killing'
Comments: Nam 433, 434, 63, KED 1503, 1504, 219, 1470, 1494.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *tuku-(m)pap-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to squat
Russian meaning: сидеть на корточках
Middle Japanese: tuku-baf-
Tokyo: tsukuba-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *cVḳV
Meaning: to bow, bend
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *č`ŏk`i
Uralic: *ćukkV- (ćokkV-)
Kartvelian: ? *c̣q̇w-
Eskimo-Aleut: *cikǝ-
Comments: Cf. 827.
References: ND 477 *ĉ̣oKʕE 'sink to a kneeling/squatting/lying position' compares Alt. with SH.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 76
Proto: *ćukkV- (ćokkV-)
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: to curve, bend
German meaning: sich krümmen, sich zusammenziehen
Mari (Cheremis): cǝ̑ɣǝ̑rɣe- (KB) 'sich krümmen, sich werfen' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): ćukges (G) 'gebogen' ?
Khanty (Ostyak): t́ȯ̆ken (Trj.), t́ŏkanǝ (DN), śŭkanĭ (Kaz.) 'Krümmung (eines Baumes)' ?
Hungarian: csukorod- (dial.) 'sich zusammenziehen, niederhocken, sich kauern', sukorodott (dial. SzegSz.) 'geronnene (Milch)' ?
References: КЭСКЯ; MSzFgrE; TESz
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-khn,uralet-ugr,uralet-lit,

Search within this database


Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣q̇w-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: уничтожать
English meaning: to destroy
Georgian: c̣q̇v-
Megrel: (n)c̣q̇(v)-
Svan: nc̣q̇w-
Notes and references: EWK 516. Ср. алт. *č`ok`i 'погружаться; умирать'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,

Search within this database


Eskimo etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Eskimo: *cikǝ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to bend down, to lower
Russian meaning: наклонять, опускать
Proto-Yupik: *cikǝ- ~ *cǝkǝ-
Proto-Inupik: *cikǝ-
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,

Search within this database


Yupik etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Yupik: *cikǝ- ~ *cǝkǝ-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: to put down, to bend down
Russian Meaning: нагибать
Sirenik: síkcǝχ 'putting down'
Chaplino: sikmúxtaqā, sǝkǝ́taqā
Naukan: sǝkǝ́sitāqa, sǝkǝ́tǝkǝŋáq part. pass.
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ciktǝ- 'to lower head, to dive, to bow'
Central Alaskan Yupik: cikǝtǝ- 'to bend over, to bow'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,

Search within this database


Inupik etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Inupik: *cikǝ-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: to bow, to lover head, to bend over
Russian meaning: нагибаться, сгибать голову
Seward Peninsula Inupik: siɣit-
SPI Dialects: Imaq sɨ́ɣɨtaq 'inclined', sɨ́ɣɨtáqtoq
North Alaskan Inupik: sikɨ-
Western Canadian Inupik: siki-
Eastern Canadian Inupik: siki- 'to drink from surface of water'
Greenlandic Inupik: siki- 'to stand in bending position'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 77
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : to bend
Eurasiatic : *cVḳV
Afroasiatic : *ĉ̣VkVʕ- 'squat', lie down (Sem., Chad.)
Sino-Caucasian : NC *č̣ü̆kwV / *č̣ü̆ḳwV 'be hooked, curved'
Reference : ND 477.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5819151412949
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov