Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ū̀k`a ( ~ -u)
Meaning: side (of body), thigh
Russian meaning: бок, бедро
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *bɨkɨn
Meaning: thigh
Russian meaning: бедро
Old Turkic: bɨqɨn 'hip' (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: bɨqɨn 'hip, flank' (MK) Turkish: bɨkɨn (dial.)
Tatar: bɨɣɨn (Sib.)
Middle Turkic: bɨqɨn 'hip, flank' (Sangl.) Uzbek: biqin
Uighur: biqin
Turkmen: bɨqɨn
Khakassian: pɨxtɨ
Oyrat: bɨqɨn, mɨqɨn
Tuva: bɨɣɨn
Kirghiz: mɨqɨn
Kazakh: mɨqɨn
Bashkir: bɨɣɨm
Balkar: bɨɣɨn
Comments: EDT 316, VEWT 73, TMN 2, 301, ЭСТЯ 2, 304-305, Лексика 280. The Khak. form is a rebuilt posessive form. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *bokaɣur
Meaning: behind, buttocks
Russian meaning: зад, ягодицы
Middle Mongolian: baqa'ur (MA), baɣūr (IM), baqaūr (LH), baɣaɣur 'derrière' (Lig.VMI) Khalkha: buxar (Most.)
Kalmuck: bokūr 'Schurke, Schelm'
Dongxian: boGo
Baoan: boGor
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bōKan
Meaning: thigh
Russian meaning: бедро, ляжка
Evenki: bōkan
Even: bōqъ̣n
Literary Manchu: buxi
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *bVḳV
Meaning: side (of body)
Comments: In Alt. cf. also *bŏ̀kà 'rib, breast bone'; in Ur. cf. *päkse 'Brustbein'?; in IE - *pAǵ-, *pAks-. At least two roots.
References: ND 218 *boq̇V (+ Cush. *bak- / *bok-); 1675 *P_oka 'side of body' (+ Chad., Sem. "cheek"). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Indo-European etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-IE: *bhAg-
Meaning: buttocks, back
Old Indian: bhaga- n., bhagā f. `female organ, pudendum muliebre, vulva; perinaeum of males'
Russ. meaning: ягодицы, спина
References: WP II 148
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
Search within this database
Germanic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *baka-n, -z, *bakkō(n)
Meaning: back
Old Norse: bak n. `Rücken'
Norwegian: bak
Old Swedish: baker m.
Swedish: bak
Danish: bag
Old English: bäc `Rücken'
English: back
Old Frisian: bek; szin-baca, kun-bac(ke) m.
Old Saxon: bak `Rücken'; kinnibako m. `Kinnbacke'
Middle Dutch: { bake `Specksdeite, Schinken' }; backe `kinnebak, wang'; { bak }
Dutch: bake `Specksdeite, Schinken'; kinnebak f.
Old Franconian: kinne-bako m.
Middle Low German: backe f.; bak; bāke
Old High German: backo, kinnibacko m. 'Kinnbacken, Kinnlade' (Hs. 12. Jh.); bah n.? 'Rücken' (9.Jh.); bahho `Rücken, Schinken, Specksdeite' (9.Jh.)
Middle High German: backe wk. m. 'Backe, Kinnlade', kinnebacke, kinbacke wk. m. 'kinn(backe)'; { backe, bahho `Specksdeite, Schinken'; arschbacke `Arschbacke; cunnus' }; bache wk. m. 'schinken, geräucherte speckseite'
German: Backe f., Backen m., Kinnbacke; obd. Bache(n) m. 'Schinken, Speckseite'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
Search within this database
Uralic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 1529
Proto: *puktV
English meaning: along, by, through
German meaning: längs, entlang, vorbei, durch
Saam (Lapp): bǫk'tĕ ~ bǫvt (N) '(passing) close by, through (via); in line with', paktu (L) 'durch, mittels, kraft; längs, entlang, nach, vorbei, via, über', boht (Ko. P), bā͕ɔt̆t, Bā͕ɔt̆t (Kld.) 'durch'
Mari (Cheremis): pokten, wokten (KB), pokte (J), wokten (B) 'neben...vorbei, durch, läŋɣš, entlang'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,
Search within this database
Kartvelian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *baq̇w-
Russian meaning: ляжка
English meaning: haunch
Georgian: baq̇v-
Megrel: boq̇v-
Svan: poq̇-
Notes and references: Повидимому, ностратическая основа, ср. алт. *biūka 'бок, бедро', и.-e. (слав. *bokъ etc.) < *bVq̇wV. Сходные основы имеются и в СК языках (ср. *büg_a 'бок, поясница', NCED 314; *bŏnq̇_ō 'спина', NCED 310; Климов 1969, 289 сближает ПАК *baq:ʷǝ 'место между бедрами, промежуток' - что сомнительно, поскольку адыгская форма (с историческим префиксом) соответствует ПВК *=Hĭq̇wǝ 'поясница, середина', см. NCED 577-578), так что не исключено субстратное взаимодействие.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : PVKV
Meaning : side
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
Search within this database
Afroasiatic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pak-
Meaning: jaw, cheek
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,
Search within this database
Semitic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 104
Proto-Semitic: *pakk-
Meaning: jaw
Syrian Aramaic: pakkā 'mala, bucca; maxilla' [Brock 567]
Arabic: fakk- 'charnière; jointure de deux mâchoires; partie de la bouche qui comprend la mâchoire supérieure et l'inférieure' [BK 2 624]; ʔafakk- 'endroit où les deux mâchoires se joignent' [ibid.] (historically a stem with the ʔa- prefix?). Cf. also fanīk- 'endroit où les deux mâchoires se joignent; endroit de la bouche compris entre la lèvre inférieure et le menton à la naissance de la barbe' [ibid.] (with a secondary -n-?)
Tigre: fǝk(k) or fäk(k), pl. ʔafkak 'limb, joint' [LH 670]
Notes: Rather scarce but reliable attestation. Possibly 'joint of the upper and lower jaws', cf. ARB and TGR.
-n- in one of the ARB examples may in principle imply SEM *pank- > *pakk-.
Cf. a variant root *pagg- 'jaw': HBR PB pag [Ja 1132]; ARM: JUD paggā [Ja 1132], SYR paggā [ibid. 555].
Note a noun 'halter, bit' derived from both *pakk- (MND pukta, pikta 'bridle' [DM 367; 371]) and *pagg- (AKK pagūmu 'Halfterriemen?' OB on [AHw 810], strangely compared by Soden with pugūdātu 'Zaum' borrowed from ARM [ibid. 875]; HBR PB bēt p. 'halter' [Ja 1132]; JUD paggē (pl.) 'bit' [ibid.]).
Cf. ARB fkk 'dégager, séparer, disjoindre; être cassé (se dit des mâchoires)' [BK 2 623], probably to be explained by contamination of two homonymous roots, the present one and a verbal root meaning 'to undo, separate' (cf., for example, TGR fäkkä 'to split, break' [LH 670], JIB efkék 'to undo' [JJ 55]).
[Brock 567]: SYR, JUD (paggā), ARB
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-tgr,semet-notes,
Search within this database
West Chadic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-WChadic: *ku-pak-
Meaning: 'cheek' 1, 'temple' 2
Mupun: kǝ̀-pák 1 [FrM]
Sura: kǝ́-pák 2 [JgS]
Angas: ku-pak 1 [Fl]
Daffo-Butura: pápâk 1 [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-ang,wchet-dfb,
Search within this database
Central Chadic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-CChadic: *pu/ik-
Meaning: 'cheek' 1, 'chin' 2
Hwona: Cf. ḅòho-mà 1 [Kr: 41]
Bura: puku-m 1 [Ann]
Ngwaxi: pwǝh- ǝ̀m 1 [Kr: 82]
Higi Baza: pịku 1, xa-pịkɔ 2 [Kr: 141]
Higi Nkafa: pịki 1 [Kr: 131]
Higi Ghye: pugịy 1 [Kr: 161]
Fali Kiria: p'ịku-muʔ 1 [Kr: 181]
Bachama: bwɔ̀key 1 [Kr: 66]
Notes: not quite regular voicing, possibly before a body-parts marker. Note also Mlg fǝ́ke 'face' [Lr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hwn,cchet-bur,cchet-ngw,cchet-hib,cchet-hnk,cchet-hgh,cchet-fki,cchet-bch,cchet-notes,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[b]V(x)ga
Meaning: side
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *büg_a (~ -ɨ,-ǝ, -o)
Meaning: side (of the body), waist
Proto-West Caucasian: *bǝɣA Notes: Quite regular phonetically (although the vocalic reconstruction is somewhat dubious: the *-ü- vowel is not surely reconstructed for PEC and PNC). The EC forms go back to an intermediate protoform *büŁ_a. PWC *bǝɣA can not (despite Shagirov 1977, Abdokov 1983, 78) be compared with Av. muʁ, Chech. buq̇ 'back' (note that these forms have nothing to do with each other, too). See also *=ĕƛ̣_Ĕ.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *biƛ̣:V
Meaning: near
Tindi: beƛ̣:ara-q:a
Botlikh: beƛ̣:ara
Comments: There must have existed a noun *biƛ̣:V "side", from which these forms meaning 'near' had been derived. It has reliable external parallels (note a parallel semantic development in PL).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-tnd,aandet-btl,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *beƛV
Meaning: part of body from the armpit to the hip
Bezhta: beƛejo
Comments: An isolated Bezht. word, but with probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *p:eƛ:V-
Meaning: near, at the side of
Rutul: bej-dɨ
Comment: The root is present only in Rut. (cf. also Ikhr. beɣ-da), but has reliable external parallels. Cf. also the reflexes of PL *p:ak:ʷ q.v. which in part had been influenced by PL *p:eƛ:V-.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝɣA
Meaning: waist
Abkhaz: á-bʁa
Abaza: bʁa
Adyghe: bɣǝ
Kabardian: bɣǝ
Comments: PAT *bǝɣa; PAK *bɣǝ. See Shagirov 1962, 1977.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *bhǝ̄k
Meaning: back, side
Tibetan: phag-ma back part of smth. (Schm.).
Burmese: phak a side (Luce).
Lushai: bak side-whiskers; the side of the face in front of the ear and in the region of the temple.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 背
Modern (Beijing) reading: bèi
Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄ks
Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄h
Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄h
Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄h
Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀
Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄̀j
Middle Chinese: bòj
English meaning : to turn the back, disregard
Russian meaning[s]: 1) спина; зад, тыльная сторона; 2) повернуться спиной; бросить, отказаться от...; покинуть; пренебречь; нарушить; восстать против; 3) учить наизусть; читать на память; 4) упасть в обморок; [bēi] нести на спине
Comments: Also read: MC pòj (FQ 補妹), OC *pǝ̄ks 'the back, posterior part'.
Radical: 130
Four-angle index: 3575
Karlgren code: 0909 e
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
Search within this database
Chinese Dialects :
Search within this database
Number: 835
Character: 背
MC description : 蟹開一去隊幫
ZIHUI: 5154 1139
Beijing: pei 3
Jinan: pei 3
Xi'an: pei 3
Taiyuan: pei 3
Hankou: pei 3
Chengdu: pei 3
Yangzhou: pǝi 3
Suzhou: pe_ 31
Wenzhou: pai 31
Changsha: pei 31
Shuangfeng: pie 31
Nanchang: pǝi 31 (lit.); pi 31
Meixian: pɔi 3
Guangzhou: pui 31
Xiamen: pue 31 (lit.); pe 31
Chaozhou: pue 31
Fuzhou: puei 31
Shanghai: pe_ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: pei 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
| Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | | 594595 | 1576161 |
| Help
|
| StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin |  | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|
