Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: lVw

Meaning: ox, cattle

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: clu.A year of ox; blo.A yak

Khmer: chlu:w < OK claw, clow

Proto-Vietic: *lǝw, cǝ-, kǝ-

Proto-Monic: *lǝw

References: S-130

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: chlu:w

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: claw, clow

Old Khmer Meaning: (year of) ox

References: P174

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *lǝw, k-

Meaning: buffalo

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: trâu

Vietnamese meaning: buffalo (PH)

Muong dialect: tlu.1

Nguon dialect (1): ṭu.1

Nguon dialect (2): lu.1

Phong: klu.1

Proto-Ruc: *lu.1, t-

Ruc (Russian field rec.): tlu:.1

Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): tlu:.1, klu:.1

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): klu:.1

Ruc meaning: buffalo

Notes: F-97: *c-lu:; cf. 3631; Mu'o'ng *kl-

References: NTF88, NVL159; TC123

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *lǝw

Meaning: ox

Presyllable: ʒǝ-/gǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: dlau, glau

Old Mon: ʒlow

Nyakur (dial.): NL khlɔw.B bovine

References: N15; S-130

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lVw

Meaning: ox, cattle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: lVw

Austroasiatic meaning: ox, cattle

Proto-Thai: clu.A year of ox; blo.A yak

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVWV

Meaning : bovine ?

Eurasiatic : ? FU *luwV (*luɣV) 'horse'

Afroasiatic : *lawiʔ

Austric : *lVw

Reference : ND 1253 *luʔV 'bovine').

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *lawiʔ-

Meaning: cattle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *lVʔ-, lVʔ-at- 'head of large cattle'

Egyptian: iwꜣ (pyr) 'bull' (?)

Western Chadic: *lwa- '(wild) animal' 1,'meat' 2

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *luway 'cow'

Saho-Afar: *laʔ- 'cow, cattle'

Low East Cushitic: *loʔ(loʔ)- 'cows'

High East Cushitic: *lal- 'cows, cattle'

Warazi (Dullay): *loʔ-, pl. *leʔ- 'cow'

South Cushitic: *lVʔ- 'bull'

Notes: Cf. met.: E.Cu.: Somali weeyl, Had. woʔl-a 'calves' Bla. Beja Fauna, 2; Brb.: Izayan t_a-wala 'troupeau de boeufs, sangliers' Loub., 583. Cf. Tak. 86; HSED 2595; Chic. 3999

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2400

Proto-Semitic: *lVʔ-, lVʔ-at-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: head of large cattle

Akkadian: littu (lītu) 'cow', pl. liātu, lâtu 'bovines (of both sexes and all ages)' OB on [CAD l 217], [AHw. 557]. Rare syllabic attestations of littu in lexical lists and bi- linguals are mostly late (but cf. utul ša li-a-ti in Proto-Diri 278 and other passages in this list); li-it-tum šalmat 'cattle is well' in the OB letter AbB 10 189:3-5 is quite exceptional. More details see in [Stol 173-4], in particular on some relevant logograms and their readings. Cf. also lû (liu) 'bull' OB on [CAD l 227], [AHw. 560] (known from literary texts and lexical lists only; note that on some occasions l. is equated to Sum. PIRIG, together with the standard Akk. term for 'lion', nēšu). Possibly related is alû (elû) 'bull (as a mythological being)' Bogh, SB [CAD a1 377], [AHw. 39] (in lexical lists /= Sum. GU₄.AN.NA/ and Gilgamesh). The word-initial a/e- finds a noteworthy parallel in the Soq. form below.

Eblaitic: lí-a-núm, lí-a-nu-um = ALIM, lí-a-tum = ALIM.SAL [MEE 4 731-2] (cf. [Civil Ebla 90]). The sequence lí-a-tum can be normalized as /liattum/ (im- plying an assimilation -nt- > -tt-) but also as /liatum/ with the fem. marker attached directly to the stem. For -ān- vs. -at- as markers of masc./fem. gender in Sem. cf. [Gelb Reconstruction 37].

Arabic: lāʔaⁿ 'taureau sauvage, buffle', laʔāt- 'vache sauvage' [BK 2 954], [Fr. IV 78], [LA XV 238], 'gazelle, antilope, neat' [WKAS l 74].

Mehri: lǝháytǝn 'cows' [JM 253].

Jibbali: léʔ (pl. lhóti) 'cow' [JJ 158]. Johnstone's remark "the plural form is m. in regard to con- cord" is interesting in view of the collective meaning of Akk. liātu.

Harsusi: lǝhētǝh id. [JM 253] (not in [JH]).

Soqotri: ʔélheh (ʔeléheh, ʔeléhoh) 'vache' [LS 61].

Notes: Cf. Tgr. lulit (pl. läwällit) '(cow) with long, crooked horns' [LH 44]. The Biblical proper name lēʔā 'Leah' [KB 513] is usually thought to denote wild cow (as opposed to rāḥēl 'ewe'). [Fron. 30]: *layʔ(-at)- 'toro, vacca' (Soq., Jib., Arb., Akk.); [AHw. 557]: Akk., Hbr., Arb.; [KB 513]: Hbr., Akk., Arb.; [LS 61]: Soq., Jib., Arb., Akk. (lû), Hbr. (with discussion on possible relationship to Gez. lāhm 'cow' as well as a number of Cushitic forms).

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ỉwꜣ (<*lVwʔ ?) 1; ỉwꜣ.t 2

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Rind' 1; 'Kuh' 2 OK, Pyr. EG I, 49

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *lwa-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: '(wild) animal' 1,'meat' 2

Ankwe=Goemai: lwa 1 [TAS]

Dera=Kanakuru: luu 1,2 [NmK]

Tangale: lo 1, 2 [JgT]

Pero: ló 1,2 [FrP]

Kifri=Giwo: ʔálló 2 (pl.) [Stl]

Fyer: lóʔ 1,2 [JgR]

Daffo-Butura: ló(h) 2 [JgR] (coll.)

Notes: cf. WCh *kilo 'cow' (according to R.SCh, < *ki-lo) and Ch *lVw- 'meat' [StS N 30].

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *luway

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cow'

Bilin: luwī́ 'Kuh'

Khamir: luwā́

Awiya (Aungi): Agawmedder luwā

Notes: Rein. Bil., 261

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *laʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cow, cattle'

Saho: laa 'cattle, herd' HSED 1632 (not in Rein. Af. or anywhere else)

Afar (Danakil): lā (subst. coll.) 'Vieh, Rinder' Rein. Af., 873; lo-w (prh. phonemically lo-o), la-a Sasse PEC, 52

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *loʔ(loʔ)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cows'

Somali: loʔ 'herd of cows' Abr., 166

Oromo (Galla): loon 'cattle' Gragg, 267; loo-ni 'cows' (coll.) Sasse PEC, 52

Rendille: pl. loólyo 'cows' Pull.-Galb., 326

Dasenech (Geleba): lalo, pl. lali 'cow' Huds HEC, 44; lo- as a prefix in ox-names Sasse PEC, 52

Konso: low-aa < lo-aa 'cows' (coll.) Sasse PEC, 52

Gidole (Dirasha): (?) loh-a 'cows' (coll.) Sasse PEC, 52 (or <*lVḥ?)

Notes: Sasse PEC *loʔ-

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *lal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cows, cattle'

Sidamo: lalo 'cows' Huds HEC, 44

Hadiya (Gudella): laar-a 'cattle' Sasse Bur., 132; laro (pl.) 'cows' Huds HEC, 44

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): lál-i 'cattle' Sasse Bur., 132

Kambatta: lalu 'cows' Huds. HEC, 44

Warazi etymology :

Proto-Warazi: *loʔ-, pl. *leʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cow'

Gawwada (Gawata): Dalpena lóʔo 'Kuh'

Tsamay (Dume, Gaba, Kule): lōʔō, pl. lēʔē 'Kuh'

Harso (Werize): lóʔo, pl. leʔe 'Kuh'

Dihina: lóʔo, pl. leʔe 'Kuh'

Gollango (Wellango): lóʔo, pl. leʔe 'Kuh'

Gorrose: lóʔo 'Kuh'

Notes: Amb et al 254

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *lVʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bull'

Qwadza (Ngomvia): leʔa-mu-ko 'bull' Ehr HRSC, 357

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