North Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Proto-North Caucasian: *=irkV̆r

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to break, pick; to crack; to stir

Proto-Nakh: *kek-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=Vk(Vn)-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirkar

Proto-West Caucasian: *ka- (~ḱ-)

Notes: A common NC expressive verbal root (sometimes reduplicated). See Абдоков 1983, 157.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *kek-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to stir, sway

Batsbi: kekad-dar

Comments: Attested only in Bacb., with probable EC parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=Vk(Vn)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to break, break off, hit 2 to touch

Avar: =ek- 1

Chadakolob: =ekn- 1

Tindi: ki-d- 2

Comments: The verb has a not quite clear original meaning (some broad concept of physical contact action), which explains the difference of meaning in Av. and Tind. Avar represents stem I (*=Vk(Vn)-), Tindi - stem II (*ki(r)-d-).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirkar

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to crumble, chop 2 to pick; rub 3 to stir 4 touch

Tabasaran: u=k- 1

Agul: ad-irka- 2(Brs)

Rutul: h-i=ka- 2

Tsakhur: i=kar- 3

Budukh: we=kr- 4

Comment: Cf. also Tab. uṭ-u=k- (with an expressive preverb) 'to pick, peck at', Rut. s-i=ka- 'to saw'. The verb belongs to the strong verb class.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ka- (~ḱ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to burst, crack

Adyghe: č́a-n

Kabardian: ča-n

Comments: PAK *ka-.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kV̆rV́

Meaning: to break, split

North Caucasian: *=irkV̆r

Sino-Tibetan: *krēH (~g-)

Burushaski: *karáṭ-

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *krēH (~g-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: divide

Chinese: 解 *krēʔ divide; cut up (e. g. an ox).

Burmese: krah to have a space between, be apart, khrah be between, divide, make separate, distinct.

Comments: Here perhaps Angami Naga *khri 'kill' (?)

Chinese characters :

Character: 解

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiě

Preclassic Old Chinese: krēʔ

Classic Old Chinese: krḗ

Western Han Chinese: krḗ

Eastern Han Chinese: kriḗ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́

Middle Chinese: kạ̈́j

English meaning : to unloose, take off

Russian meaning[s]: 1) развязать, распустить; 2) снять (платье); 3) освободить от...; разрешить (сомнение); 4) утолить (жажду); 5) расчленить; разогнать, распустить; растворить; ликвидировать; разойтись; 6) разъяснить, растолковать; решить (загадку); понять, уразуметь; понимание, взгляд; 7) примирить(ся); разрядить (напряжение); 8) испражняться; 9) из, от; 10) Цзе (фамилия); [jiè] отправить под конвоем; отослать, препроводить; [xiè] Се (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for *grēʔ / *krēʔ-s, MC ɣạ̈́j / kạ̈̀j, Mand. xiè 'be slack, idle, careless' (also within 邂逅 *grēʔs-g(r)ōʔs 'be carefree and happy').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 148

Four-angle index: 2482

Karlgren code: 0861 a

Vietnamese reading: gia`i

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 1723

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 解

MC description : 蟹開二上蟹見

ZIHUI: 6043 0349

Beijing: ćie 2

Jinan: ćiä 2

Xi'an: ćie 2

Taiyuan: ćiɛ 2

Hankou: kai 2

Chengdu: ćiai 2

Yangzhou: kɛ 2; ćiɛ 2 (lit.)

Suzhou: ćia_ 2 (lit.); ka_ 2

Wenzhou: ka 21

Changsha: kai 2

Shuangfeng: ka 2

Nanchang: kai 2

Meixian: kiai 2

Guangzhou: kāi 21

Xiamen: kai 2 (lit.); kue 2

Chaozhou: koi 21

Fuzhou: kai 2 (lit.); kɛ 2

Shanghai: ćia 3 (lit.); ka 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: kiai 2