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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *c_ōjwɨ̄lɦV
Meaning: autumn, winter (rainy season)
Notes: Despite superficial dissimilarity, the EC-WC comparison is phonetically quite regular. The PWC form has regularly lost resonants, but the medial *-j- (reconstructed on basis of the PN reflex *sṭ) has left a trace in the palatalisation of the PWC affricate. In most languages the root means 'autumn', but sometimes also 'winter' or 'spring'; it probably denoted the rainy season in general.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *sṭab(ʡ)V / *bʡastV
Meaning: 1 autumn 2 spring
Chechen: bʕästē 2
Ingush: bʕästi 2
Batsbi: sṭabo 1
Comments: The Chech.-Ing. form is metathesized and has a *-jV-suffix (without it cf. Chech. bʕästa 'in spring'). Vowel length is not clear.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *c:ibirV
Meaning: 1 autumn 2 winter
Andian language: sibiru 1
Akhvakh: c:ibero 2
Chamalal: cib 2
Tindi: c:ibar 2
Karata: c:ibero 2
Bagvalal: s:ibara 2 (Leksika)
Godoberi: c:iburu 2
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. cibur 'winter'. Initial s- in And. is quite irregular; otherwise correspondences are normal. Note also Akhv. c:ōro 'autumn' (its relation to c:ibero 'winter' is not quite clear: perhaps old interdialectal loans, which gave rise to an etymological doublet?).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *s:ɨbǝ(rV) A
Meaning: autumn
Tsezi: sebi
Ginukh: sebe
Khvarshi: seba
Inkhokvari: sɨbo
Bezhta: sibowa
Gunzib: sɨbǝr
Comments: PTsKh *sɨbǝ; PGB *sɨbǝr(a) (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. sibora). The final *-rV was probably reinterpreted in PTsKh as an obl. stem marker, and dropped.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: s:u-t
Meaning: autumn
Lak form: s:ut
Comments: Historically -t is a suffix. Cf. also Khosr. s:ut id., s:ut:i-l 'in autumn'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *cowɨl:
Meaning: 1 autumn 2 spring
Lezghian: zul 1
Tabasaran: č̌ul 1
Agul: cul 1
Tsakhur: cuwul / cɨwɨl 1
Archi: sot:-aqI 1
Udi: žIoʁul 2 (?)
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Yark. gül, Akht. žul, Khl. zul ( < Proto-Lezg. *zʷɨl). The Ud. form raises some doubts (both semantically and phonetically). The word belongs to the 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. The Archi form is a historical locative (cf. the pure root in Arch. sot 'in autumn'). Voicing in Lezg. was probably caused by an early contraction (*cowɨl: > *cʷɨl), with following spirantization (*cʷɨl > *s:ʷɨl, regularly > *zʷɨl). See Гигинейшвили 1977, 70.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: cuwa-ž
North Caucasian etymology: 1709
Meaning: autumn
Khinalug form: cuwa-ž
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ć:ǝ ( ~ *ʒ́ǝ)
Meaning: 1 autumn 2 winter
Abkhaz: á-ʒǝn 2
Abaza: ʒnǝ 1
Comments: PAT *ʒ́ǝ-nǝ (cf. also Bzyb. á-ʒ́ǝn), with a usual temporal / locative suffix *-nǝ. For phonetic reasons the PAT root should be kept apart from PWC *bž́V 'winter' (PAK *bžǝ-ħá > Ad. bžǝħa, Kab. bźǝħa; Ub. bž́a) (PAT *ʒ́ can not go back to *ž́ which is unmistakenly reconstructed on basis of other forms).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *cōjwɨ̄lɦV
Meaning: rainy season
Sino-Tibetan: /OC 秋 *ćhiw 'autumn' /
Comments and references : HGC 35, WFR 29. In PY one would expect a *-ʔ-; the reason for this discrepancy is not clear (contraction?). [Cf. PE *cavlV- 'winter, year']. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *sir1-
Meaning: summer
Ket: śīĺi1; South. śīĺ
Yug: sīr
Kottish: šilpaŋ, pl. šilpaŋán, -pakŋ; šelpan (Бол.)
Arin: šil (Лоск.)
Comments: ССЕ 275. Werner 2, 206 <*siʎǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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