North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦwǝ̄mš_wi ( ~ -e)

Meaning: caraway

Proto-Nakh: *jōšV ( ~ *jāšu)

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔõšV B (~-ɔ-,-š:-)

Proto-Lak: jawš

Proto-Dargwa: *ħa(n)ši ( ~ ʕ-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ħamš

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *jōšV ( ~ *jāšu)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of odorous weed

Chechen: jōša

Comments: Attested only in Chech. (and should be distinguished from jūša 'wormwood, absinth' < Pers. jawšon), but having probable external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔõšV B (~-ɔ-,-š:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: grass

Tsezi: oš

Ginukh: üšü (Lomtadze)

Khvarshi: iš

Inkhokvari: ĩš

Comments: PTsKh *ʔö̃š(u).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: jawš

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: caraway

Lak form: jawš

Comments: Gen. jawš:-ul. Cf. also Khosr. jašʷ id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ħa(n)ši ( ~ ʕ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: caraway

Chiragh: ʕaše

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ħamš

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: caraway

Lezghian: if-er-ar

Tabasaran: haš̌(-ar)

Agul: ħašʷ

Rutul: heš (Khniukh.)

Tsakhur: c̣ant:araj ješ

Archi: mušu

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. ħamš, Burk. (with metathesis) šʷaħ, Fit. hex́ʷ, Tp. ħäšʷ-ar, Tsakh. obl. ješɨ- 'caraway', Tab. Düb. haIš-am 'weed'. 4th class in Tsakh. and Arch., but 3d class in Rut. The Archi form reflects a metathesis of the resonant into Anlaut and the *-Vj-suffix (mušu < *ħamšu-j).

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