North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Vwc̣Ā

Meaning: to plane, hew

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=uc̣- / *c̣V-n-

Proto-Tsezian: *c̣ic̣ʷ- (~ -ɨ-)

Proto-Lak: c̣u=c̣i-

Proto-Dargwa: *=uc̣-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäwc̣ʷa

Proto-West Caucasian: *c:ʷǝ

Notes: Correspondences are regular.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=uc̣- / *c̣V-n-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to plane, hew

Avar: =uc̣-

Chadakolob: =oč̣-

Akhvakh: č̣a-nu-

Comments: Stem 1 is reflected in Av., stem 2 (with a nasal suffix of secondary nature) - in Akhv. The word for "chip, sliver" in some Andian languages may be derived from this root(as it is in other EC languages), but the problem is that it contains PA *c̣: (even with some irregular reflexes): Cham. ṣinṣ, Gig. c̣:ic̣:in, Tind. ḱ:inḱ:i (sic!) - an irregular (expressive) transformation?

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *c̣ic̣- (~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to plane, hew

Tsezi: c̣ec̣-

Ginukh: c̣oc̣-

Comments: PTsKh *c̣ic̣ʷ- (~-ü-).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: c̣u=c̣i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to plane, hew

Lak form: c̣u=c̣i-

Comments: G. pr. c̣u=c̣unu. Cf. Khosr. c̣a=c̣i-. Derived words are Lak. c̣uc̣alu, Khosr. c̣uc̣alu 'chip, sliver, shaving'; Lak. c̣alc̣i 'chip, shaving, splinter'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=uc̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to plane, hew

Akusha: =uc̣- (Kub.)

Comments: Cf. also the derived PD *ʔuc̣a-la 'chip, sliver': Ak., Ur., Chir. uc̣ala.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäwc̣ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to plane, hew 2 to polish

Tabasaran: u=č̣̌- 2

Agul: ic̣ʷ-, la-jc̣ʷ- 1

Tsakhur: hec̣ʷ- (Khaidakov) 1

Kryz: rɨc̣är- 1

Archi: babc̣a-

Comment: Cf. also Arch. pres. babc̣u-r. The Kryz. morphological structure is not quite clear (other languages do not point to an *-r-conjugation), otherwise correspondences are regular. Cf. also derivates: Arch. abc̣on 'shavings', Lezg. ruc̣u-gul 'chisel', Ag. (Bursh.) ruc̣el, (Fit.) c̣ela, (Burk.) c̣ala 'chip, sliver', Kryz. c̣ɨl-äṗ (with an originally plural suffix *-Vp:) id., possibly also PL *q:-uc̣a (*q:-Vwc̣a) id., reflected in Lezg. Khl. q:uc̣, Rut. q:uc̣, Tsakh. ʁuc̣a. A derivative like *ʔV(w)c̣Vl- can perhaps also be observed in Kryz. c̣ɨl-ḳäm (and, with irregular transformations, also in Bud. c̣iniḳ < *c̣ilnVḳ < *c̣il-ḳVn) 'chip', although the second part of the compound is not clear.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *c:ʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to hew, plane

Abkhaz: a-č̌-rá

Abaza: čʷ-ra

Comments: PAT *cʷǝ. Cf. also the derivate (reduplicated): *cʷǝcʷǝ 'shavings, chip', reflected in Abkh. a-čǝ́č, Abaz. Ashkh. čʷǝčʷ-χa.

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