Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *skór

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: forage

Russian meaning: фураж, кормовая трава

Modern Korean: k:ol

Middle Korean: skór

Comments: Nam 51, KED 157.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *si̯aku ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: chaff, husks

Russian meaning: мякина, шелуха

Mongolian: *saga-

Tungus-Manchu: *suK-

Korean: *skór

Japanese: *suku-mǝ

Comments: Korean has a rather frequent loss of vowel between a fricative and a stop (*skór < *sVkor).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *saga-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: different sorts of buckwheat

Russian meaning: различные сорта гречихи

Written Mongolian: saɣaɣ, saɣada(i) (L 656)

Khalkha: sagag, sagadaj

Kalmuck: saksǟ, saksā

Ordos: saGat, saGaG 'rye, buckwheat'

Monguor: saGa (SM 318)

Comments: KW 308.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *suK-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pods or buds (of elm tree)

Russian meaning: стручки, почки (вяза)

Literary Manchu: suqǯi

Comments: ТМС 2, 122. Attested only in Manchu, with possible external parallels.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *suku-mǝ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: turf; rice husks

Russian meaning: дерн; рисовая шелуха

Middle Japanese: suku-mo "dead parts of water plants or weeds"

Tokyo: sukumo

Comments: JLTT 533.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *CIḳO

Meaning: chaff

Altaic: *č`ik`ò 'straw, chaff' (cf. also *si̯aku ( ~ z-) )

Uralic: *śuka 'Spreu, Granne' (if not < IIr.)

Kartvelian: *c̣ḳa

Dravidian: *Sak-ai SDr

Comments: Probably 2 roots.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1619

Proto: *śuka

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: chaff; bristle

German meaning: Spreu, Granne

Finnish: suka 'Borste, Bürste; Striegel, Pferdestriegel', suas (gen. sukaan) 'Borste, Roggenblüte', suki- 'bürsten, striegeln, kämmen'

Estonian: suga (dial. sugi, gen. soe) 'Bürste, Striegel, Hechel; Weberkamm; Bast', suge-, sugi- 'striegeln, kämmen, bürsten'

Saam (Lapp): čǫkko- -g_- (N) 'comb; scrape, currycomb', tjåhkō- (L) 'kämmen, sich kämmen', čokka- (T) 'kämmen'

Mordovian: śuva, śiva (E M) 'Kaff, Spreu; Bart an der Ähre'

Mari (Cheremis): šu (KB U B) 'Kleie, Spreu; Hafergrannen, die sich in der Mühle abspalten', (CÜ CK P) 'Borste; der Stachel des Igels, des Fisches; Widerhaken der Angel', sösna šu (B) 'Schweineborsten'

Udmurt (Votyak): śu-kaś (S) 'Kwaß' ?

Komi (Zyrian): śu (S P PO) 'Roggen (S), Getreide (P PO); Körner (P); Saat (P)', ? śu-ke̮ś (Lu. Le. Ud.) 'Kwaß, Getränk'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣ḳa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Georgian: c̣ḳa

Georgian meaning (Rus.): необработанные рисовые зерна

Georgian meaning (Engl.): rice grains in husk

Megrel: c̣ḳa

Megrel meaning (Rus.): зерно

Megrel meaning (Eng.): grain

Svan: c̣ḳa

Svan meaning (Rus.): семена тыквы, арбуза ( < мегр.)

Svan meaning (Eng.): pumpkin/watermelon seeds (< Megr.)

Notes and references: EWK 504. Возможно ЗК происхождение корня: ср. убых. ć̣ǝḳ́ 'косточка (плода)', каб. ṣāč̣a 'мякина' < ПЗК *ć̣Vḳ́(w)V 'отходы (от фруктов, зерновых)' < ПСК *c̣HweḳĔ 'солома, мякина' (см. NCED 364).

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