Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *nē-r-

Meaning : 1 time 2 sun

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *nēr-

Brahui : dē

Notes : Does the Brahui form mean that SDR *-r- is suffixal?

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *nēr-

Meaning : time; sun

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nēram

Tamil meaning : time, season, opportunity

Malayalam : nēram

Malayalam meaning : sun, day, light, time, season, hour, turn

Malayalam derivates : nērattu early, seasonably

Kodagu : nēra

Kodagu meaning : sun, time

Kodagu derivates : nērate early in the morning

Tulu : nērḍè

Tulu meaning : early in the morning

Number in DED : 3774

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : dē

Meaning : sun, sunshine, day, time

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 3774

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ŋera

Meaning: fire, burn

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ŋḕrá

Dravidian: NDR *nar- 'flame' [524]; (?) SDr *ner-p- 'fire' (DEDR 2929); *nēr- sun [NDR *nar- may be = *nēr- 'sun'; SD *ner-p- < *nijur]

Eskimo-Aleut: *ńǝʁiruɣ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *eŋer 'star'

Comments: [PA *ni̯ṑri, PD *nijur- - suffixed forms of *nVjV?]

References: ОСНЯ 2, 85-86; МССНЯ 337, 339, 364 (2 roots: *ńurV и *nahrV); in Alt. cf. also *ni̯ṑri; in Drav. - *nijur- 'burn, fire' (69); *nēr- (1017); also *mur- (929)?. ND 1561 *n̄aherV 'day, sun, daylight' (Mong., Turk., Kor. + Sem. *nahar-); 1645 *ŋeh(U)ŕi 'light, fire' (TM, Jap. + wrong Mong. + Drav. *nijur- and incorr. *er-). Cf. also Austric: PAA *tǝŋaj, PAN */-NaR/ 'ray, light, sun'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ŋḕrá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: day, sun, light

Russian meaning: день, солнце, свет

Turkic: *jạr-ɨn

Mongolian: *naran

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋēr(i)-

Korean: *nár

Japanese: *àrí-

Comments: ОСНЯ 2, 86, АПиПЯЯ 295. See SKE 159, EAS 75 (Mong.-Kor.); one frequently links Turk. *jāŕ 'spring' (see SKE ibid., KW 272, VEWT 193), but the latter should be separated (see *ni̯ā́ŕ[à]); instead it seems plausible to compare Turk. *jarɨ-n 'tomorrow, morning' - see Лексика 80-81. TM *ŋēr(i)- 'light' is a perfect phonetic and semantic match and should be separated from Mong. gere-l 'light' (especially because the rule *ŋ- > Mong. g- is most probably false) - despite KW 134, Poppe 25, ОСНЯ 1, 228-229, АПиПЯЯ 18, Дыбо 11; on the etymology of the latter see under *gari (despite Poppe 1972, 101, Doerfer MT 21, the TM form of course cannot be borrowed from Mong. gerel).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jạr-ɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 morning 2 tomorrow 3 next year

Russian meaning: 1 утро 2 завтра 3 следующий год

Old Turkic: jarɨn 1 (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: jarɨn 2 (MK)

Turkish: jarɨn 2

Middle Turkic: jarɨn 1, 2 (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jarɨn 3 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: jarɨn 3

Chuvash: ɨran 2

Yakut: sarsɨn 1

Dolgan: harsɨn 1

Bashkir: jarɨn 3 (dial.)

Gagauz: jārɨn 1, 2

Karakalpak: žarɨn 3

Comments: EDT 970, VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 147-148, Егоров 343, Лексика 80, Stachowski 97. Räsänen derives the stem from *jar- 'to shine, glitter', but this is dubious both for phonetic reasons (OT has jaru- 'to shine', but jarɨn 'morning') and because of external evidence.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *naran

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sun

Russian meaning: солнце

Written Mongolian: nara(n) (L 565)

Middle Mongolian: naran (HY 1, SH), narăn (IM), naran (MA)

Khalkha: nar(an)

Buriat: nara(n)

Kalmuck: narṇ

Ordos: nara(n)

Dongxian: naran

Baoan: naraŋ

Dagur: nar (Тод. Даг. 156), nare (MD 194)

Shary-Yoghur: naran

Monguor: nara (SM 257)

Mogol: naran; ZM nārān (19-5a)

Comments: KW 272, MGCD 500.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋēr(i)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: light

Russian meaning: свет

Evenki: ŋērī

Even: ŋēri

Negidal: ŋējin

Spoken Manchu: gūxun 'bright' (2050)

Literary Manchu: gexun

Jurchen: ŋe-xun (736)

Ulcha: ŋegǯe(n)

Orok: ŋegde-

Nanai: ŋegǯẽ

Oroch: ŋegǯe

Udighe: ŋegǯe, ŋei

Comments: ТМС 1, 671-672.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nár

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sun, day, weather

Russian meaning: солнце, день, погода

Modern Korean: nal

Middle Korean: nár

Comments: Nam 95, KED 302.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *àrí-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dawn

Russian meaning: рассвет, заря

Old Japanese: ari-ake

Middle Japanese: àrí-ake

Tokyo: àriake

Kyoto: áríáké

Kagoshima: ariaké

Comments: JLTT 384. Kyoto accent is irregular, but all other dialects seem to point to *àrí-.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *nē-r-

Meaning : 1 time 2 sun

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *nēr-

Brahui : dē

Notes : Does the Brahui form mean that SDR *-r- is suffixal?

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ńǝʁiruɣ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: light, expectation, hope

Russian meaning: свет, надежда

Proto-Yupik: *ńǝʁiru(ɣ)-

Proto-Inupik: *nǝʁiuɣ-

Comments: Cf. a probable variant *Nǝʁu[ɣ]a- (~ *-r-) 'to choose'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ńǝ́ʁiru(ɣ)-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: light, glare, shine 1, hope, expectation 2

Russian Meaning: свет 1, надежда 2

Sirenik: jǝ́ʁcǝɣcá 1, jǝʁcǝ́ɣǝlŋúχ 'bright'

Chaplino: nǝʁjāɫǝq (t), nǝʁjú (t) 2

Naukan: nǝʁjúkǝɫǝq 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝʁjuniuʁ- 'to expect sth. good'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nǝʁiuɣ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to expect, to hope 1, to promise 2

Russian meaning: надеяться 1, обещать 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: niʁiuk- 1, niʁiuqšuq- 2

SPI Dialects: Imaq niʁjúîɣa, niʁjúktoq intr. 1, nɨʁjúʁāqtoq 'expecting good', nɨ́ʁjúnaroq 'sure, trustworthy'

North Alaskan Inupik: niʁiuk- 1, niʁiuqšuq- 2

Western Canadian Inupik: niʁiuk- 1

Eastern Canadian Inupik: niʁiuk- 1

Greenlandic Inupik: niʁiuɣ- 1, niʁiuʁšuʁ- 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 232

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ĕŋer

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): звезда

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *eŋer(ʒǝ) (~ ạ)

Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝŋez-ǝm

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *eŋer(ʒǝ) (~ ạ)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): звезда

Chukchee: ɛ́ŋɛr, aŋát=lǝŋǝn

Palan: eŋer

Alutor: anar, anari-, aŋar

Comments: В алют. словнике записан дентальный -n-, в диссертации Муравьевой И.А. и в алют. материалах Жуковой А.Н. - велярный -ŋ-. Косвенная основа в алют. anari- может указывать на развитие комплекса *-rʒъ. В чук. ŋǝl-ǝnt-aŋát-lǝŋǝn 'комета (букв. звезда, испускающая дым)', unp-ɛŋɛr 'Полярная звезда (букв. воткнутого кола звезда)' (?), ilúk-ɛŋɛr 'id., неподвижная звезда', ʔɛlqɛ́p-ɛŋɛr 'id., гвоздь-звезда' do.

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝŋeź-ǝm EA

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): звезда

Itelmen: ŋez(z)em

Itelmen meaning: звезда 1, звездный 2

West Itelmen: 'ǝnǝzi-č, 'ǝnǝzi-ng, ('ǝnǝzi-n-č pl.)

West Itelmen meaning: stella

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): gwiazda

South Itelmen: ['ašan-žit*] sg. dim. ('azani-d pl.)

South Itelmen meaning (Latin): stellae

South Itelmen meaning (Polish): gwiazdy

Number in Volodin 1976: 28

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : NVRV

Meaning : day, sun, light

Eurasiatic : *ŋera

Austric : *NVʔr

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *NVʔr

Meaning: sun, day

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austronesian: *-NaR 'sun, light'

Proto-Thai: *ŋwAN^A 'day, sun'

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