Macro-Khoisan etymology : List with all references

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Macro-Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-Khoisan : *|Ṽ

Meaning : to see

Proto-Bushman : *ɳ|V

Sandawe : *|a(^ŋ)

Hadza : *|i

khoiet.dbf-meaning,khoiet.dbf-bsh,khoiet.dbf-san,khoiet.dbf-had,

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Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

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Number : 184

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀV

Meaning : to see, look

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ɳǀa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɳǀâ

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ɳǀɛ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

bshet-proto,bshet-meaning,bshet-prnum,bshet-nkh,bshet-nkhnum,bshet-xoo,bshet-xoonum,bshet-xam,bshet-xamnum,

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North Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-Ju: *gumi ~ *gome

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: cow

Juǀʼhoan : gúmí (n3) // gúmí-dí / (n2 -sĩ) "cow"; gúmí-mà, pl. gúmí-mʰí (n2) "calf"; gúmí-ɡ!ȍˤ, pl. gúmí-ɳǀǀȁèˤ (n2) "bull"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : gome ~ gume

!Kung (Lloyd) : goḿmi

!Kung (Doke): gumi

!Kung (Vedder): gòme

!Kung (Wilhelm): gŭmiː

!Kung (Weich): gumi

!O!Kung (Bleek) : gòmi ~ gumi

Kavango : gùmì

Ekoka : gùmì, pl. gùmí "cattle" // gùmì-dē "cow"

Various addenda: Passarge (!Kung): gome.

Notes : Class 1. The word is probably of CK origin (PKK *goma) and the two vocalic variants may reflect different stages of borrowing.

References : Bleek 48, 51; Dickens 202; Heikkinen 1986; KH 130; Weich 17.

RefLex number: 254

nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-juh,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-wei,nkhet-okn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-varia,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,

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South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

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Proto-Taa : *ɳ|â

Stems : *ɳ|ã̂; *ɳ|ê

Meaning : to see; to look

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

Masarwa : |na, |ne, |nyn

|Nu//en : |nē

!Xoong derivates : ɳ|ái sòo "lit. see medicine", ɳ|ái !qhàn "lit. see the moon, i.e. menstruate for the first time"; ká ɳ|ã̂ kî "search by peering about"

References : Bleek 341, 345, 347, 354; Maingard 1958: 101; Traill 66, 67.

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South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

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Proto-!Wi : *ɳ|ɛ

Meaning : to see; to look

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : |nā, |nã̄ (B., Ll.); |nē_, |nī̃, |nī, |ni (B.); |nī̃, |nĩ, |nī, |nĭ (Ll.)

//Ng : |nā, |ne, |ni

N|huki : ɳ|aʔa

#Khomani : |ŋ̥ĩ (Dk.); |na, |ŋe, |ŋẽĩ, |ŋei, |ŋ̥ai, |ŋ̥e, |ŋ̥ĩ (Mg.)

//Kxau : |nā; |nī "to observe"

//Ku//e : |ne

Seroa : |na (Wu.)

!Gã!ne : |na

//Xegwi (Batwa) : |nā, |ne

|Auni : -|nā

|Haasi : |nã|nã, |ni "to find"

|Nusan : |nã

References : Bleek 341, 345, 347, 354; Maingard 245; Meinhof 1929: 187; NFn.

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Sandawe etymology :

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Proto-Sandawe : *|a(^ŋ)

Meaning : to see

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

References : Dempwolff 39; Kagaya 6; Kimmenade 63; TBW 303, 307.

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Hadza etymology :

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Proto-Hadza : *|i

Meaning : to see

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

References : Bleek 315; Elderkin; Sands 187; TBW 312.

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