Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ʒa̰N-

Meaning : blue, green

Proto-Bushman : *ɡ|a̰-[nV/Vn] (?)

Proto-Khoe : *cã̰

Sandawe : *ʒāŋ-

Notes : The Bushman forms are hard to separate from Khoe and Sandawe, but the click formaion mechanism is obscure (why only Bushman and not Khoe?).

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 91

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀa̰-[nV/Vn] (?)

Meaning : green, blue

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀauŋ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀā̰

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀa

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *zaʔa (?)

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *ǀauŋ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: green, blue, yellow

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀã̏ũ̏ʰ "be blue, green"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀẽũ

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀãũ "blue, bright green" // ɡǀãũ "yellow, green"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀũ̌ŋ ~ ǀáŋ ~ ǀàŋ ~ ǀaˤŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀãŋ "green, yellow"

Tsumkwe : ǀāŋ

Tsintsabis : ǀāŋ́

Okongo : ǀāŋ́

Leeunes : ǀāŋ́

Mpunguvlei : ǀàŋ́

Cuito : ǀàŋ́

Cuando : ǀàŋ́

South Omatako : ǀaŋ

North Omatako : ǀaŋ

Kameeldoring : ǀàŋ

Lister : ǀã̀ũ

References : Bleek 276, 300, 303, 325; Dickens 289; Snyman 31; Snyman 1997: 78.

RefLex number: 1807

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ɡ|ā̰

Stems : *ɡ|ā̰-i

Meaning : green, blue, turquoise

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ɡ|ā̰hi (kâ); ɡǂa̰i (Mg.)

Masarwa : -|ga̰i "green"

References : Bleek 274; Maingard 1958: 102; Traill 56.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *|a

Stems : *|a-lV

Meaning : green, blue, yellow

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : |kāīn, |kāīnya (B.); |kāīn (Ll.)

//Ng : -|kḁla "yellow"; |karowa "green"

References : Bleek 297, 299, 302.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *zaʔa

Meaning : green, yellow

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : zā́"a (H.); dzạạ, dzaʔa (T.)

References : Honken 1988: 65; Traill 1973: 30.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *cã̰

Meaning : blue, green

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

West Khoe : *cã̰

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *cã̰

Meaning : blue, green

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Naro : ca̰ã, za̰ã

|Gwi : ťsae (Ta.)

//Gana : ťsae (Ta.)

References : Tanaka 42; Visser 98.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *ʒāŋ-

Meaning : green

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : dzaṅga "unreif, hell" (D.); jaang'ga (K.); dzánga (Kim.); dzángà (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 44; Kagaya 89; Kimmenade 37; TBW 305.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ʒa̰N-

Meaning : blue, green

Proto-Bushman : *ɡ|a̰-[nV/Vn] (?)

Proto-Khoe : *cã̰

Sandawe : *ʒāŋ-

Notes : The Bushman forms are hard to separate from Khoe and Sandawe, but the click formaion mechanism is obscure (why only Bushman and not Khoe?).

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