Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ùčù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scrape; claw, sharp stick

Russian meaning: скрести;коготь, острая палочка

Turkic: *Kɨč-

Mongolian: *kučil-

Tungus-Manchu: *xosī-kta

Korean: *koč

Japanese: *kùsì

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 99, Martin 241, Whit 1985, 135, 165, 223, АПиПЯЯ 16, 77, 290.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to scratch, scrape; to itch

Russian meaning: скрести, царапать; чесаться

Tatar: qɨčɨ-

Middle Turkic: qɨč-

Uzbek: qiči-

Uighur: qiči-

Khakassian: xɨčɨ-

Oyrat: qɨčɨ-

Chuvash: kǝźǝ 'чесотка'

Yakut: kɨhɨj-; kɨhɨax 'scraper'

Dolgan: kɨhɨak 'scraper'

Tuva: kiǯi-

Kirghiz: qɨčɨš-

Kazakh: qɨšɨ-

Noghai: qɨšɨ-

Bashkir: qɨsɨ-

Karakalpak: qɨšɨ-

Comments: VEWT 260, ЭСТЯ 6, 186-187, Stachowski 167.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kučil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to scrape with fingers

Russian meaning: царапать пальцами

Written Mongolian: qučil-

Kalmuck: xučl-

Comments: KW 200.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xosī-kta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to scrape 2 claw, finger-nail

Russian meaning: 1 царапать, скрести 2 ноготь, коготь

Evenki: osī- 1, osīkta 2

Even: osị- 1, ostъ̣ 2

Negidal: osị̄- 1, ōtta 2

Spoken Manchu: wasǝqǝlǝm, wasǝqulu- 'to scratch, to claw' (1574)

Literary Manchu: wasixa 2

Ulcha: χosị- 1, χosta 2

Orok: χosị- 1, χosịqta 2

Nanai: χosaqala- 1, χosaqta 2

Oroch: xosi- 1

Udighe: wahi- (Корм. 218) 1, wai-li- 1, waikta, wahikta 2

Solon: oš́ī- 1, ụš́īkta 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 26-27.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *koč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 spit, skewer; awl, gimlet 2 to stick in

Russian meaning: 1 вертел; шило 2 втыкать

Modern Korean: kot [kos], k:oǯi 1, k:ot- [k:oč-] 2

Middle Korean: koč 1, kòč- 2

Comments: Nam 54, KED 164, 174. The accent of the noun is unknown; the verbal stem has a usual low tone.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kùsì

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spit, skewer; comb

Russian meaning: вертел

Old Japanese: kusi

Middle Japanese: kùsì

Tokyo: kushí

Kyoto: kúshì

Kagoshima: kushí

Comments: JLTT 466.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳwVncwV

Meaning: scrape, scraper

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *gh(w)azdh- (+361 + *gvozdь)

Altaic: *k`i̯ùčù

Uralic: *kinče (*künče) (~ ? *kiče (*küče))

Kartvelian: *ḳwenćx- 621

Dravidian: *kaǯ-

References: ND 907 *küńč̣E ~ -č- '(finger)nail, claw' (w/o Kartv. and Drav. + very questionnable SH); partially - 1003 *ḳa[ĉ]U 'to scratch, scrape off scales'. A terrible confusion of *ḳwVncV, *ḳVšV, *ḳVǯV and *ḳVcV... Also cf. ND 1090 *ḳUn̄č̣V 'to scratch, wound' (quite dub. IE + Arab. knδ̣- 'grieve' - but also Georg. ḳeč̣n- 'streifen, ritzen' and Ur. *končV ~ *kočV 'Striche ziehen, zeichnen' (348)). Cf. Austric: PAN *kuSkus 'scrape', PAA *kɔ:c 'sharpen, scratch'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *ghazdh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pointed stick

Slavic: *žьrzdь (контаминация с *žьrdь)

Germanic: *gazd-a- m.

Celtic: MIr gat `Weidenrute', trisgataim `durchbohre'

Russ. meaning: палка (острая)

References: WP I 541

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *gazda-z

Meaning: sting

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: gazd-s (a) `sting from goad'

Old Norse: gadd-r m. `Stachel, Spitze'

Norwegian: dial. gadd `Spitze, Stachel'

Swedish: dial. gadd `Spitze, Stachel'

Old Danish: gad `Stachelstock'

Danish: dial. gad, gaj `Haken zum Fischfang'

Old English: { segel-gerd `antenna'; gierd }

English: goad

Old Frisian: ierde

Old Saxon: fiur-gard `Feuergabel'; segal-gerd m., segal-gerda f. `sail-yard'

Middle Low German: gart m. `tak, roede, prikkel'

Old High German: gart (um 800) `Stachel, Treibstecken'; gardea, garti, gerta st./wk. f. `rod, twig'; segal-gerdun `antenne'

Middle High German: gart st. m. `Stachel, Treibstecken'

German: frühnhd. Gart `Stachel, Treibstecken'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ùčù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scrape; claw, sharp stick

Russian meaning: скрести;коготь, острая палочка

Turkic: *Kɨč-

Mongolian: *kučil-

Tungus-Manchu: *xosī-kta

Korean: *koč

Japanese: *kùsì

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 99, Martin 241, Whit 1985, 135, 165, 223, АПиПЯЯ 16, 77, 290.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 311

Proto: *kinče (*künče) ( ~ ? *kiče (*küče))

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: nail, fingernail, claw

German meaning: Nagel, Klaue

Finnish: kynsi (kynte-, gen. kynnen) 'Nagel, Klaue, Kralle; Zinke, Zacke'

Estonian: küüs (gen. küüne)

Saam (Lapp): gâʒ'ʒa -ʒʒ- (N) 'nail; claw', kaddsa (L), kanc (T), kønc (Kld.), køcc (Not.) 'Klaue, Nagel'

Mordovian: kenže (E), keńžä (M) 'Klaue, Nagel, Huf'

Mari (Cheremis): kǝč (KB), küć (U), küč (B)

Udmurt (Votyak): gi̮ži̮ (S), gǝ̑žǝ̑ (K) 'Nagel, Kralle', gižị̑ (G) 'Nagel, Klaue'

Komi (Zyrian): gi̮ž (SP) 'Nagel (an Fingern, Zehen), Klaue, Kralle', gøž (PO)

Khanty (Ostyak): kö̆ṇč (V), kŏṇč (DN), kus (O) 'Nagel, Klaue'

Mansi (Vogul): künš (TJ), k_oäš (KU), käš (P), kos (So.)

Nenets (Yurak): χada (O) 'Nagel, Kralle'

Enets (Yen): kóra (Ch.), kóda (B) 'Nagel'

Nganasan (Tawgi): kátu

Selkup: k͔atэ (Ta.), kattэ (Ke.), k͔aače, k͔aačê (Ča.), k͔ad, kăd(a) (N), k'ačэ, k͔aače (Ča. OO), qati̮ (Tur.) 'Nagel, Kralle'

Kamass: kada 'Nagel, Huf, Klaue'

Sammalahti's version: FU *künči

Addenda: Koib. koda 'Nagel'; Mot. kada-m; Karag. ха́дада

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳwerćx-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: дpобить(ся)

English meaning: to split

Georgian: ḳwercx-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): нагpомождаться; ḳwercx- 'яйцо' (?); na-ḳwercx-al- 'искра'

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to pile up; ḳwercx- 'egg' (?), na-ḳwercx-al- 'spark'

Megrel: ḳančx- 'дробиться'; na-ḳwačx-ir-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): горящая головня

Megrel meaning (Eng.): fire-brand

Laz: ḳwančx-

Laz meaning (Rus.): дpобить(ся), кpошить; no-ḳančχ-ul-e 'горящая головня'

Laz meaning (Eng.): to split, crumble; no-ḳančχ-ul-e 'fire-brand'

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 111, 145-146, EWK 199. Не исключена реконструкция *ḳwenčx- и контаминация двух исконных корней: a) *ḳwenčx- 'дробить' (ср. алт. *k`iuču 'скрести, острый колышек', ТМ *xosi-kta; ПИЕ *gʷozdh- ( < *kʷozdh-)); b) *ḳwenčx- 'искра, горящая головня' (ср. ТМ *xōsi-kta < алт. *k`UčV 'звезда', урал. *kVnśV 'звезда', ПИЕ *gʷoizdh- ( < *kʷoizdh-) 'звезда'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kaǯǯ-

Meaning : 1 scab, itch 2 to scratch

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kaǯǯ-

Proto-Telugu : *gaǯǯ-/*kas-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaǯ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gac- (?)

Proto-North Dravidian : *qās-

Notes : Interesting metathese of voice (?) in PGn. Vowel length in PNDR unclear.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kaǯǯ-

Meaning : itch

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : kajji, gajji

Kannada meaning : scab, itch

Kannada derivates : (Hav.) kajju itch

Kodagu : kajji

Kodagu meaning : itch

Tulu : gajji

Tulu meaning : itch, scab

Notes : Assimilation in Kannada and Tulu.

Number in DED : 1104

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *gaǯǯ-/*kas-

Meaning : itch, scab

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : gajji

Additional forms : Also kasi itching, desire; kasimiri itching

Number in DED : 1104

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaǯ-

Meaning : itch

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Naiki : khaj

Parji : kajra

Number in DED : 1104

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gac- (?)

Meaning : itch

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *gaǯ-i

Konda : gazi

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kac-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *gaǯ-i

Meaning : itch

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Maria Gondi : gajji

Seoni Gondi : gajji

Koya Gondi : gajju

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : gajji

Maria Gondi (Smith) : kusee

Number in DED : 1104

Number in CVOTGD : 1019

Konda etymology :

Konda : gazi

Meaning: (BB) itch

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 1104

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kac-

Meaning : the itch

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kasa

Number in DED : 1104

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qās-

Meaning : to scratch for relief

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xā̃snā

Additional forms : Also KUR xā̃srnā to scratch oneself

Number in DED : 1104

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVNCV

Meaning : scrape, scraper

Eurasiatic : *ḳwVnCV

Afroasiatic : *gu/iĉ- (cf. also Cush. *ḳVč̣-)

Sino-Caucasian : *kwVnč̣V

Austric : *kUc scrape, scratch

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gu/iĉ- (?)

Meaning: fingernail

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Central Chadic: *giŝ- 'fingernail' 1, 'claw' 2

East Chadic: *gus/ĉ- 'fingernail'

Omotic: *guš- 'fingernail, claw'

Notes: Scarce data.

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *giŝ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fingernail' 1, 'claw' 2

Gude: gíŝá 1 [Hs]

Zime-Batna: ngìŝé 2 [Sa]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *gus/ĉ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fingernail'

Kabalai: gùsǝ̀ mà/n [Cp]

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *guš-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fingernail, claw'

Dime: guš

Ari: gǝšaa

Karo: gušo

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kwVnč̣V

Meaning: paw, finger

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *kwănVč̣ĕ

Basque: *hac, be=hac

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *kwănVč̣ĕ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: paw; knee

Proto-Nakh: *ḳač ( ~ -ā-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *kʷač̣V

Proto-Tsezian: *ḳɔ(n)č̣u A

Proto-Dargwa: *kʷač̣a

Proto-Lezghian: *kʷanč̣(a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *gʷan(ǝ)ž́a

Notes: Correspondences are regular - except for some shifts of laryngeal features, usual for roots with two stops (secondary is the glottalisation *k- > ḳ- in PTs and the voicing *k- > g- in PWC).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ḳač ( ~ -ā-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foot, leg (a slighting expression)

Batsbi: ḳač

Comments: Isolated in Bacb., but having good external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *kʷač̣V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: paw

Avar: kʷač̣

Chadakolob: kʷač̣

Andian language: kʷač̣a

Akhvakh: kʷač̣i

Karata: kʷač̣a

Comments: Av. paradigm C (kʷač̣í-l, kʷáč̣a-l). Cf. also Kar. Tok. kʷač̣i, koč̣i id. Av. kʷač̣ > Arch. kʷač̣ id.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ḳɔ(n)č̣u A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leg,shin 2 distance between thumb and forefinger

Tsezi: ḳonč̣u 1

Ginukh: ḳonc̣u 1

Khvarshi: ḳonč̣u (Radzhibov)

Gunzib: ḳɔč̣u 2

Comments: PTsKh *ḳonč̣u. The MSU Gunz. recording has nasalisation: ḳɔ̃č̣u. The original meaning, as seen from the external evidence, was "paw"; this explains the semantic difference between PTsKh and Gunz. Rather strange is the Bezht. (Tlad.) form ä̃č̣, which is identical to Gunz. ḳɔ̃č̣u in meaning, but has for some reason lost ḳ-.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *kʷač̣a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: paw

Akusha: kač̣a

Comments: Cf. also Ur. kʷač̣, Kait. kʷač̣a etc.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *kʷanč̣(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: paw

Rutul: kʷanč̣

Comment: Obl. base kʷanč̣ä-. Isolated within Lezghian, but having reliable external parallels.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *gʷan(ǝ)ž́a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: knee

Adyghe: ʎa-gwānǯa

Kabardian: ʎa-gwāźa

Comments: PAK *ʎa-gʷa(n)žá (*ʎa 'foot, leg' q.v.). It is hardly possible (for semantic reasons) to compare the AK form with Ub. ǵanć̣á 'handle' (see Shagirov 1977, 249).

Search within this database

---

---

Basque etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Basque: *hac, *be=hac

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 finger 2 fingernail 3 toe 4 hoof 5 thumb 6 inch 7 paw

Bizkaian: atz 1, 6; beatz, biatz 3, atzazal, atzazkol, atzoskol 2

Gipuzkoan: azkazal, azkazkal 4, beatz, biatz 1, 5, beatzal, beatzazal 2

High Navarrese: azkazal 4, beatz, biatz 1, 5

Low Navarrese: hatz 7, behatz 1, 5, (Aldude) bihatz 1, 5

Salazarese: atz 7

Lapurdian: hatz 7, 8, behatz 2, (Ainhoa) behatz 2, 5

Baztanese: beatz-andi 5

Zuberoan: hatz 7, behatz 1, 5, ehi-behatz 5, azazkǘlü, azüzkülü 2

Roncalese: atz 7

Comments: Only some of the many derivates of this prolific root are listed. The homonyms *hac 'track, footprint' and *hac 'breed, race' are separate etyma: see *hace 'back part' and *hasi 'grow', respectively.

basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

Search within this database

---

---

Austric etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Austric: *kUʔc

Meaning: scrape

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *kɔ:c

Austroasiatic meaning: sharpen, scratch

Proto-Austronesian: *kuSkus

Austronesian meaning: scrape

austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,

Search within this database

---

---

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *kɔ:c

Meaning: sharpen, scratch

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *kɔ:c

Proto-Bahnaric: SB *kɔ:c

Proto-Vietic: *kɔ:c

aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-vim,

Search within this database

---

---

Katuic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Katuic: *kɔ:c

Meaning: to sharpen

Presyllable: rǝ- / #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *kɔ:c

Proto-East Katuic: *kɔ:c

References: TK16.496

katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

Search within this database

---

---

West Katuic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-West Katuic: *kɔ:c

Meaning: to sharpen

Presyllable: rǝ- / #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: kɔ:jʔ

Bru Van Keu meaning: to sharpen a point

So: rakâ:c.N

So meaning: to be pointed

wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,

Search within this database

---

---

East Katuic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-East Katuic: *kɔ:c

Meaning: to sharpen

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: kɔ:jʔ

Pakoh meaning: to carve, sharpen

Lao Katu: kɔ:c

Lao Katu meaning: to scrape (wood)

Ngeq: kɔ:c

Ngeq meaning: to strip, split down (bamboo for mats)

Kri: kɔ:c

Chatong: kɔ:c

Katu dialects (1): kâ:c

Katu dialects (4): kâ:c

Katu meaning: to carve

ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-ct,ekatet-and,ekatet-kph,ekatet-katme,

Search within this database

---

---

Bahnar etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Bahnaric: *kɔ:c

Meaning: scratch

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: kɔ:c

Bahnar meaning: to shred

Proto-South Bahnaric: *kɔ:c

References: SBS-403

banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-sob,banet-refer,

Search within this database

---

---

South Bahnaric etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-South Bahnaric: *kɔ:c

Meaning: scratch

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Stieng form: kɔ:c, khɔ:c

Stieng meaning: to scratch

References: SBS-403

sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,sobet-refer,

Search within this database

---

---

Viet-Muong etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: cut out, shape

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: gọt

Vietnamese meaning: peel with knife, sharpen, cut, shave (PH), Vinh khót

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): kɔ:c.5

Ruc meaning: to sharpen

Thavung-So: ʔakhɔ:t.C.1

Thavung-So meaning: to smooth, trim, sharpen

Notes: F-97: *t-kɔ:c; cf. Thai

References: NTF91; TC78

vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-note,vimet-bib,

Search within this database

---

Select another database
Change viewing parameters

Use tables
Multiple windows
Morphology/dictionary lookup window
Show languages in map
Encoding	Koi Alt Win Utf-rus 8-bit encoding Utf-8

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 612361 1580147	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov